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Histology/Cell Biology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

longitudinal

A

with the axis

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2
Q

transverse

A

as a cross section

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3
Q

afferent

A

moving toward something

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4
Q

efferent

A

moving away from something

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5
Q

acidophilic

A

basic structures that stain with acid dyes such as eosin also called eosinophilic i.e. plasma membrane, major basic protein

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6
Q

basophilic

A

acidic structures in the ionized state that stain with basic dyes such as hematoxylin i.e. DNA/RNA

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7
Q

immunofluorescence

A
  • uses specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target specific dyes to specific biomolecules within a cell
  • allows visualization of distribution of target molecule through sample
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8
Q

histological features to identify epithelial tissue

A
  1. nuclei positioning/shape
  2. cell approximation to: other cells, lumen
  3. amount of ECM
  4. Cell-matrix ratio vascular content
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9
Q

loose connective tissue

A
  • high cell to matrix ratio
  • note: lots of nuclei present
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10
Q

dense connective tissue

A
  • high matrix to cell ratio
  • note: less nuclei present
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11
Q

location of nuclei in skeletal muscle

A

peripherally placed

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12
Q

location of nuclei in cardiac muscle

A

centrally placed

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13
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous lining found as outer lining of many organs

i.e. abdominal, pericardial, and pleural cavities

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14
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

epithelial tissue

A
  • collection of cells on outer portion of skin and inner cavities
  • provides protection, absorption (features of lining changes based on needs)
  • attached to basement membrane avascular look for lumen, gland, or blood vessels
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16
Q

epithelioid

A
  • epithelial-like properties of epithelial tissue but no lumen
  • close apposition of cells and presence of basement membrane but no free surface
  • typical of most endocrine glands
  • i.e. interstitial cells of Leydig in testes, lutein cells of ovaries, etc.
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17
Q

glands

A
  • specialized structures formed by epithelial cells
  • out pocket of lumen–> ductal and secretory regions
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18
Q

functions of epithelium (depending on location)

A
  1. protection
  2. secretion
  3. absorption, secretion, filtration, transport
  4. movement
  5. expandability
  6. sensory reception
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19
Q

simple epithelium

A

all cells sitting on basement membrane

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20
Q

stratified epithelium

A

only basal surface cells attached to basement membrane

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21
Q

identify:

A

simple squamous

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22
Q

identify:

A

simple cuboidal

23
Q

identify:

A

simple columnar

24
Q

identify:

A

stratified squamous

based on most apically placed cell

25
Q

identify:

A

stratified cuboidal

26
Q

identify:

A

dome epithelium (transitional)

only found in urinary tract, allows for expandability

27
Q

identify:

A

pseudostratified

found in respiratory tract and male reproductive tract

28
Q

identify the different parts of epithelial cells

A
29
Q

identify structure, function, and what it is made up of

A
  • microvilli
  • increase absorption
  • made of actin filaments
  • 1 micron
30
Q

identify structure, function, and what it is made of

A
  • cilia
  • made of microtubules (9+2)
  • organizing center known as basal bodies
  • important for movement in cell
  • beat away and bring up particles (cystic fibrosis linked to non-functionality of cilia)
  • 10 microns
31
Q

identify the structure and function

A
  • sterocilia
  • looks like cilia but it is elongated microvilli
  • found in male reproductive system and inner ear (sensory)
  • 120 microns
32
Q

tight junctions (zonula occulens)

A

seals gap between epithelial cells

33
Q

zonula adherens (adherens junction)

A

connects actin filament bundle in one cell with that in the next cell

34
Q

macula adherens (desmosomes)

A
  • connects intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the next cell
  • really important for withstanding mechanical stressors (found in skin and the heart)
  • create spot-like images
35
Q

order of junctional complexes (lateral junctions)

A
  • from apical to basal side
  • zonula occulens –> zonula adherens –> macula adherens
36
Q

junctional complexes

A
  • serve as barriers (preventing paracellular transport; separates apical and basolateral domains (polarity))
  • cell-cell attachments (adhesion)
  • mechnical stability
  • present in definite order–from apical to basal
37
Q

keratin antibodies

A

used to stain epithelial cells and distinguish epithelial tissue from other types of tissues

38
Q

intermediate filaments

A
  • connecting to perimeter which is connecting to adjacent cells
  • allows for mechanical stress to occur without problems (desmosomes)
  • blistering of skin caused by mutant keratin gene (defective keratin network)
39
Q

basement membrane

A

made of basil lamina and reticular lamina

40
Q

functions of basement membrane

A
  • filtration
  • selective migration
  • regeneration
  • attachment
41
Q

basement membrane is a product of?

A
  • epithelial cells
  • muscle cells
  • fat cells
  • schwann cells
42
Q

basil lamina

A
  • first component of basement membrane
  • level of extracellular matrix
  • proteins secreted by epithelial cells
43
Q

reticular lamina

A
  • second component of basement membrane
  • proteins/fibers produced by connective tissue
44
Q

Jones’ stain - methenamine silver-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain

A

marks polysaccharide-rich regions

45
Q

What is the biological significance of desmoglein? What occurs when there are defects in desmoglein?

A

Desmoglein defects weaken the desmosomes of the epithelial cells, leading to blistering diseases.

46
Q

hemi-desmosomes

A
  • desmosome equivalent on basal surface of cell
  • uses membrane protein integrin to bind to intermediate filaments in cytoplasm and laminin/collagen IV in basal lamina
47
Q

cadherins

A
  • present in zonula adherens and desmosomes
  • helps adhere cell to adjacent cells or basement membrane
48
Q

laminin

A
  • found in basal lamina (part of hemi-desmosome)
  • binds to fibronectin & collagen to anchor cell to basement membrane
49
Q

collagen IV

A
  • major collagen type in basil lamina
  • produced by epithelial cells
50
Q

proteoglycans (PG)

A
  • heavily glycosylated proteins
  • found in basal lamina and connective tissue
    i. e. aggrecan
51
Q

epithelial cell regeneration

A
  • stem cells present in cypts/niches –> cells facing abrasion/trauma need to be regnerated frequently
    i. e. small intenstines - stem cells tucked away in crevices going into connective tissue region
    i. e. - stem cells tucked in basal sections, cells rejuvenate out
52
Q

Name the two types of glands and describe their significance

A

unicellular vs. multicellular

  • multicellular glands made from outpocketing in secretory units
  • contain cells with flatter nuclei (mucous) and rounder nuclei (serous)
53
Q

identify three types of secretion:

A
  • merocrine–normal exocytosis
  • apocrine–material made in cytoplasm and release into ECM by taking some plasma membrane (i.e. mammary gland)
  • holocrine–cells rupture to release contents (i.e. sebaceous glands)
54
Q

Describe the two types of secretions.

A
  • serous: watery, non-glycosylated, poorly glycosylated proteins (picks up stain easily)
  • mucous: slimy, extensively glycosylated proteins, poorly stained by H&E (sugar moieties block stain from binding to amino acid), visualized by PAS staining

Histology/Cell Biology (12 decks)

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