Epithelial Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
longitudinal
A
with the axis
2
Q
transverse
A
as a cross section
3
Q
afferent
A
moving toward something
4
Q
efferent
A
moving away from something
5
Q
acidophilic
A
basic structures that stain with acid dyes such as eosin also called eosinophilic i.e. plasma membrane, major basic protein
6
Q
basophilic
A
acidic structures in the ionized state that stain with basic dyes such as hematoxylin i.e. DNA/RNA
7
Q
immunofluorescence
A
- uses specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target specific dyes to specific biomolecules within a cell
- allows visualization of distribution of target molecule through sample
8
Q
histological features to identify epithelial tissue
A
- nuclei positioning/shape
- cell approximation to: other cells, lumen
- amount of ECM
- Cell-matrix ratio vascular content
9
Q
loose connective tissue
A
- high cell to matrix ratio
- note: lots of nuclei present
10
Q
dense connective tissue
A
- high matrix to cell ratio
- note: less nuclei present
11
Q
location of nuclei in skeletal muscle
A
peripherally placed
12
Q
location of nuclei in cardiac muscle
A
centrally placed
13
Q
mesothelium
A
simple squamous lining found as outer lining of many organs
i.e. abdominal, pericardial, and pleural cavities
14
Q
endothelium
A
simple squamous lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
15
Q
epithelial tissue
A
- collection of cells on outer portion of skin and inner cavities
- provides protection, absorption (features of lining changes based on needs)
- attached to basement membrane avascular look for lumen, gland, or blood vessels
16
Q
epithelioid
A
- epithelial-like properties of epithelial tissue but no lumen
- close apposition of cells and presence of basement membrane but no free surface
- typical of most endocrine glands
- i.e. interstitial cells of Leydig in testes, lutein cells of ovaries, etc.
17
Q
glands
A
- specialized structures formed by epithelial cells
- out pocket of lumen–> ductal and secretory regions
18
Q
functions of epithelium (depending on location)
A
- protection
- secretion
- absorption, secretion, filtration, transport
- movement
- expandability
- sensory reception
19
Q
simple epithelium
A
all cells sitting on basement membrane
20
Q
stratified epithelium
A
only basal surface cells attached to basement membrane
21
Q
identify:
A
simple squamous
22
Q
identify:
A
simple cuboidal
23
Q
identify:
A
simple columnar
24
Q
identify:
A
stratified squamous
based on most apically placed cell
25
identify:
stratified cuboidal
26
identify:
dome epithelium (transitional)
only found in urinary tract, allows for expandability
27
identify:
pseudostratified
found in respiratory tract and male reproductive tract
28
identify the different parts of epithelial cells
29
identify structure, function, and what it is made up of
- microvilli
- increase absorption
- made of actin filaments
- 1 micron
30
identify structure, function, and what it is made of
- cilia
- made of microtubules (9+2)
- organizing center known as basal bodies
- important for movement in cell
- beat away and bring up particles (cystic fibrosis linked to non-functionality of cilia)
- 10 microns
31
identify the structure and function
- sterocilia
- looks like cilia but it is elongated microvilli
- found in male reproductive system and inner ear (sensory)
- 120 microns
32
tight junctions (zonula occulens)
seals gap between epithelial cells
33
zonula adherens (adherens junction)
connects actin filament bundle in one cell with that in the next cell
34
macula adherens (desmosomes)
- connects intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the next cell
- really important for withstanding mechanical stressors (found in skin and the heart)
- create spot-like images
35
order of junctional complexes (lateral junctions)
- from apical to basal side
- zonula occulens --\> zonula adherens --\> macula adherens
36
junctional complexes
- serve as barriers (preventing paracellular transport; separates apical and basolateral domains (polarity))
- cell-cell attachments (adhesion)
- mechnical stability
- present in definite order--from apical to basal
37
keratin antibodies
used to stain epithelial cells and distinguish epithelial tissue from other types of tissues
38
intermediate filaments
- connecting to perimeter which is connecting to adjacent cells
- allows for mechanical stress to occur without problems (desmosomes)
- blistering of skin caused by mutant keratin gene (defective keratin network)
39
basement membrane
made of basil lamina and reticular lamina
40
functions of basement membrane
- filtration
- selective migration
- regeneration
- attachment
41
basement membrane is a product of?
- epithelial cells
- muscle cells
- fat cells
- schwann cells
42
basil lamina
- first component of basement membrane
- level of extracellular matrix
- proteins secreted by epithelial cells
43
reticular lamina
- second component of basement membrane
- proteins/fibers produced by connective tissue
44
Jones' stain - methenamine silver-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain
marks polysaccharide-rich regions
45
What is the biological significance of desmoglein? What occurs when there are defects in desmoglein?
Desmoglein defects weaken the desmosomes of the epithelial cells, leading to blistering diseases.
46
hemi-desmosomes
- desmosome equivalent on basal surface of cell
- uses membrane protein integrin to bind to intermediate filaments in cytoplasm and laminin/collagen IV in basal lamina
47
cadherins
- present in zonula adherens and desmosomes
- helps adhere cell to adjacent cells or basement membrane
48
laminin
- found in basal lamina (part of hemi-desmosome)
- binds to fibronectin & collagen to anchor cell to basement membrane
49
collagen IV
- major collagen type in basil lamina
- produced by epithelial cells
50
proteoglycans (PG)
- heavily glycosylated proteins
- found in basal lamina and connective tissue
i. e. aggrecan
51
epithelial cell regeneration
- stem cells present in cypts/niches --\> cells facing abrasion/trauma need to be regnerated frequently
i. e. small intenstines - stem cells tucked away in crevices going into connective tissue region
i. e. - stem cells tucked in basal sections, cells rejuvenate out
52
Name the two types of glands and describe their significance
unicellular vs. multicellular
- multicellular glands made from outpocketing in secretory units
- contain cells with flatter nuclei (mucous) and rounder nuclei (serous)
53
identify three types of secretion:
- merocrine--normal exocytosis
- apocrine--material made in cytoplasm and release into ECM by taking some plasma membrane (i.e. mammary gland)
- holocrine--cells rupture to release contents (i.e. sebaceous glands)
54
Describe the two types of secretions.
- serous: watery, non-glycosylated, poorly glycosylated proteins (picks up stain easily)
- mucous: slimy, extensively glycosylated proteins, poorly stained by H&E (sugar moieties block stain from binding to amino acid), visualized by PAS staining
