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Histology/Cell Biology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

general contents of connective tissue

A
  • fibroblasts and fibers

- amorphous material; contains water, glycoproteins, proteoglycans

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2
Q

organization of connective tissue proper

A

connective tissue proper –> loose & dense–> regular & irregular

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3
Q

characteristics & locations of dense irregular CT

A
  • CT capsule surround different organs
  • higher ECM to cell ratio
  • must be strong in all directions (organs are spherical) –> fibers organized in a mesh
  • capsules of organs (liver; spleen; lymph node)
  • dermis of skin
  • submucosa of digestive tube
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4
Q

characteristics & locations of dense regular CT

A
  • higher ECM to cell ratio
  • directional stress
  • CT only needs to be strong in one direction (no lateral tension)
  • tendons
  • ligaments
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5
Q

characteristics & locations of loose CT

A
  • higher cell to ECM ratio
  • lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine; gallbladder
  • mesenteries (connect viscera to body wall)
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6
Q

characteristics & locations of elastic CT

A
  • has elastin –> tissue has to be able to snap back
  • aorta and other large arteries
  • respiratory airways
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7
Q

characteristics & locations of reticular CT

A
  • stroma = supporting tissue
  • most CT in major organs are considered storm (not responsible for major function of organ)
  • stroma of lymph nodes; spleen
  • reticular lamina of basement membrane
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8
Q

Contrast stroma and parenchyma

A
  • stroma is the supporting tissue of an organ that is not responsible for the major function of that organ
  • parenchyma is responsible for the business end of the organ (i.e. lymphocytes of lymph node)
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9
Q

Describe the importance of the mesenchyme in the embryo

A
  • mesenchyme is the loose connective tissue in the embryo

- similar to stem cells in that it can give rise to different types of CT cells

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10
Q

Describe the different layers of stomach tissue

A

lumen of gut –> epithelial cells –> lamina propria (loose CT) –> submucosa –> smooth muscle –> CT –> epithelial cells –> body cavity

  • epithelial cells and lamina propria by lumen of gut make up the mucosa
  • epithelial cells and CT layer lining the outside of stomach make up the serosa
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11
Q

In the intestines, what do the microvilli make up?

A
  • striated (belt) border
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12
Q

plasma cell

A
  • lymphocyte that has been stimulated to produce antibodies
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13
Q

What is the importance of lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the intestines?

A
  • lymphocytes monitor the flora of the intestines
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14
Q

In the mammary tissue, what CT surrounds glands? What CT is between glands?

A
  • dense irregular CT surrounds glands (few cells and many fibers)
  • loose CT in between glands (see more cells relative to fibers)
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15
Q

Trichrome stain and collagenous tissue

A
  • Trichrome stain stains collagenous tissue a blue/green color
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16
Q

Describe the dense irregular CT of the spleen

A
  • creates capsule around spleen
  • can barely see any cells in capsule
  • all type I collagen
17
Q

In what types of CT is type I collagen found?

A
  • major collagen of dense irreg., dense reg., loose CT)
18
Q

Describe the hierarchical organization of CT in muscle

A
  • epimysium –> dense irreg CT surrounding collection of fascicles
  • perimysium –> dense irreg CT that wraps fascicles of muscle fibers (not as many fibers in CT as in epimysium)
  • endomysium –> loose CT surround individual muscle fibers in fascicle
19
Q

Describe the hierarchical organization of CT in nerve

A
  • epineurium –> dense irreg CT surrounding collection of fascicles
  • perineurium –> dense irreg CT (not as many fibers) surrounding each fascicle
  • endoneurium –> loose CT surrounding wrapped axons
20
Q

What is the trabeculum in the lymph node?

A
  • capsule (made of dense irreg. CT) that dips into body of lymph node
21
Q

What tissue is the stroma of the lymph node made of?

A
  • stroma of lymph node made of reticular CT –> cells produce type III collagen fibers, forming extensive and elaborate network
22
Q

What stain is used to look at reticular CT?

A
  • stain containing silver (similar to Jones’ stain)

- penetrates type III collagen fibers

23
Q

Where is fibronectin found?

A
  • found in developing limb tissue forming skeletal elements and uterine lining (endometrium)
  • in endometrium, most of the cells are fibroblasts that produce fibronectin because tissue is being remodeled
24
Q

What stain is used to look at fibronectin?

A
  • fibronectin is immunostained (looks brownish)
25
Q

Where is laminin found?

A
  • found in basil lamina and surrounding adipocytes
26
Q

Describe adipocytes as a specialized connective tissue

A
  • adipocytes have lipid droplets within cell (storage form of energy, pushing nuclei and cytoplasm to edge of cell)
  • during staining, lipid droplets are not preserved (extracted by solvents)
  • in slides, adipocytes look like empty bubbles
27
Q

What is mesentery?

A

-filmy loose CT that attaches viscera to interior of body wall

28
Q

What important immune role do mast cells play?

A
  • mast cells contain heparan and histamine that get degranulated during certain allergic or repair reactions
  • heparan controls blood clotting
    histamine is a vasoregulatory molecule
29
Q

What immune role do macrophages play in mesentery?

A
  • ingest granules (foreign antigens) via endocytosis
30
Q

Differentiate between white and brown adipose tissue

A
  • white adipose tissue: each cell contains one big lipid droplet, has stem cells within it, born with specific number of cells, get larger/smaller depending on weight gain/loss, unilobular
  • brown adipose tissue: contain numerous lipid droplets, multilobular, mitochondria don’t make DNA (just generate heat)
31
Q

Why is brown adipose tissue especially important in infants?

A
  • brown adipose tissue generates heart, which protects infants against hypothermia
32
Q

Describe the mechanism by which brown adipocyte mitochondria don’t generate ATP

A
  • Thermogenin (UCP1) found in inner membrane of mitochondria
  • allow for leakage of protons which disrupts proton gradient
  • without gradient, no phosphorylation
  • only found in brown and beige fat
33
Q

Discuss the different products of Myf5+/-

A

Myf5+ normally produces skeletal muscles but also produces canonical brown adipocytes
Myf5- produces white fat and can recruit beige (“brite”) fat from deposits of white cells (from their stem cells)

34
Q

How does cold exposure determine brown adipose tissue activity

A
  • in a lean person, cold exposure induces creation of beige fat
  • in an overweight person, cold exposure does not induce beige fat

Histology/Cell Biology (12 decks)

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