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MCB > Epithelial Cells and their adhesions > Flashcards

Epithelial Cells and their adhesions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

A
  • Organisation and mechanical resilience of epithelium
  • Receptors provide adhesion and signalling cures to sheets of epi/endothelial cells
  • Act as barrier so prevent invasion of cancer/pathogens
  • Mutations give rise to skin blistering diseases
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2
Q

What are the 4 major proteins which build the basement membrane?

A
  • Laminin
  • Collagen IV
  • Perlecan
  • Nidogen
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3
Q

What are the features of the alpha subunit of laminin?

A
  • alpha subunit is longer and has globular domains with cell surface receptors
  • Has main integrin binding sites
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4
Q

What is the structure of laminin?

A
  • Made up of alpha, beta, and gamma subunit
  • 3 subunit proteins assembled via extended alpha helical coiled-coil domain
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5
Q

What are the features of the beta and gamma subunits of laminin?

A
  • Globular domains important for binding other components
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6
Q

What are the features of collagen IV?

A
  • Assembles into flat meshworks
  • No cleavage of 7s or NC1 domains on secretion
  • 7s associations build tetramers and associate tail to tail via NC1
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7
Q

Why does collagen IV have a different structure?

A

There is no cleavage of globular domains so it produces a different structure as it can form different crosslinks

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8
Q

What is the function of perdegan and nidogen?

A
  • Add more protein-protein interactions that reinforce and stabilise structure
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9
Q

What are the different types of cell-cell junctions?

A
  • Tight junction
  • Adherens junction
  • Desmosome
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10
Q

What are the types of Cell-ECM junction?

A
  • Focal adhesions
  • Hemidesmosome
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11
Q

What proteins form tight junctions?

A
  • Clausdin
  • Occuldin
  • JAM1
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12
Q

What are the features of tight junctions?

A
  • Upper region of 2 epithelial cells
  • Short extracellular domains between 2 TM domains
  • Interact end to end with molecules on other cell and allows cells to be very close together
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13
Q

What is the function of tight junctions?

A

Acts as a protective barrier

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14
Q

how are adherens junctions formed?

A
  • By end to end interaction of cadherin molecules on adjacent cells
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15
Q

What domains does the extracellular part of cadherin contain?

A
  • 5 CAD domains
  • 3 of which contain Ca2+ binding sites
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16
Q

What does the 1st CAD domain of cadherin contain a binding domain for?

A
  • 1st CAD domain contains the binding site for an eqivalent CAD domain
17
Q

What is the function of adherens junctions?

A

They attach epithelial cells into sheets

18
Q

What are cadherins involved in?

A
  • The sorting of cell layers in tissues
  • Involved in binding of adheren junction
19
Q

What are the features of an adherens junction?

A
  • Adjacent cells interact via cadherin molecules
  • Multiple proteins inlcuding catenins are involved in coupling cadherins and catenins to actin filaments
20
Q

What are desmosomes?

A
  • Mechanically rigid connections near the base of epithelial cells
21
Q

What makes up desomosomes?

A
  • Desmosomal cadherins
  • keratin intermediate filaments
  • linker proteins
22
Q

What is the function of the desmosome?

A

Enables epithelial cells to resist mechanical stresses on tissue

23
Q

What are the desmosomal cadherins?

A
  • Desmocollin
  • Desmoglycin
24
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Channels between the cytoplasms of epithelial cells

25
Q

What are gap junctions made up of?

A
  • 6 connexin proteins
26
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A
  • molecules with molecular mass of less than 1000 Da can diffuse through gap
  • Allows local communication and co-ordination of intracellular signalling between neighbouring cells
27
Q

What are the features of gap junctions?

A
  • The channels bind head to head
  • Opening and closing is regulated by phosphprylation of connexin subunits

MCB (28 decks)

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