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MCB > Endocytosis and sorting > Flashcards

Endocytosis and sorting Flashcards

1
Q

What is phagocytosis mediated by?

A

Receptors

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2
Q

What is phagocytosis dependent on?

A

Actin

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3
Q

What does macropinocytosis require to form ruffles?

A
  • small GTPases
  • Actin
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4
Q

How does macropinocytosis work?

A

Ruffles fold back on themselves to form vesicle lumen and trap contents

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5
Q

What occurs in clathrin coated vesicle formation?

A
  • Recognises transmembrane proteins and initiates formation of clathrin coated pits
  • Clathrin lattice drives vesicle formation
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6
Q

What are caveolins?

A

Integral membrane proteins

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7
Q

What is caveolar endocytosis used by?

A

GPI-anchored proteins, toxins, and viruses

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8
Q

What are the different types of endocytosis?

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Macropinocytosis
  • Clathrin-coated vesicle formations
  • Caveolar endocytosis
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9
Q

What is the LDL receptor a target for?

A
  • AP2
  • Clathrin
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10
Q

What causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

A
  • Defects in process of adaptor proteins recruiting clathrin to drive vesicle formation of LDL particles which prevents formation of clathrin coated vesicles
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11
Q

How is pH important in LDL transport?

A
  • LDL particles enter early endosome
  • as pH drops it causes dissociation of receptor from LDL particle and receptor recycled back to plasma membrane
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12
Q

How are lysosomes important in LDL transport?

A

When it reaches lysosome encounters hydrolytic enzymes which breakdown proteins and release free cholesterol for use in cell

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13
Q

How does apotransferrin become transferrin?

A

It binds to iron

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14
Q

How does transferrin release iron?

A
  • Transferrin binds transferrin receptor and is internalised by clathrin-mediated endocytosis
  • Protein remains bound to receptor and iron released in response to dropping pH
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15
Q

What is involved in sorting decisions in a cell?

A
  • Cytoplasmic signals
  • pH changes
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16
Q

How are Rab GTPases cruical regulators of compartment identity?

A

Can recruit effector proteins which specify particular functions of compartments

17
Q

Outline a generic model for a Rab cascade (Endocytosis and sorting)

A
  • RabA recruited and activated by GEF
  • RabA effector proteins include RabB-GEF which recruits and activates RabB
  • RabB recruits RabA-GAP and thus inactivates it

MCB (28 decks)

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