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Body Logistics (Milly's) > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mucus membrane?

A

Lines internal tubes that open to the exterior (ie respiratory, alimentary and urinary tracts)

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2
Q

What makes up a mucus membrane?

A 
Epithelium 
Lamina propria (connective tissue)
Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
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3
Q

What part of a mucous membrane is only found in the alimentary tract?

A

Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)

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4
Q

What can sometimes be found in the lamina propria of mucus membranes?

A

Peyer’s patches (aggregations of lymphocytes)

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5
Q

What is a serous membrane?

A

A thin, 2 part membrane that lines closed body cavities

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6
Q

What are the names given to the outer and inner parts of the serosa membranes?

A

Outer- parietal serosa

Inner- visceral serosa

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7
Q

What is the special name given to the simple squamous epithelium of the peritoneum, pleural sac and pericardial sac?

A

Mesothelium

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8
Q

Where does the basement membrane (basement lamina) lie?

A

In between epithelial cells and subtending connective tissue

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9
Q

What is a basement membrane?

A

An acellular, thin, flexible, strong, filter of molecules
Connecting epithelia to subtending ct
It is made of type 3 collagen

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10
Q

Where are simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Lining blood and lymph vessels (endothelial)
Lining body cavities (mesothelium)
Gas exchange epithelium- pulmonary alveoli
Bowman’s capsule
Loop of henle

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11
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Lubrication
Gas exchange
Barrier
Active transport by pinocytosis

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12
Q

Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Thyroid follicles
Small ducts of many exocrine glands
Kidney tubules
Surface of ovary (germinal epithelium)

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13
Q

What is the function of the simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption
Secretion
Barrier (ovary)
Hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation (thyroid)

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14
Q

Where do you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach lining and gastric glands

Small intestine and colon

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15
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption (small intestine and colon, gallbladder)
Secretion (stomach lining, small intestine and colon)
Lubrication (small intestine and colon)
Transport (oviduct)

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16
Q

Where do you find pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Lining of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi

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17
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Secretion (respiratory tract)
Mucus secretion
Particle trapping and removal

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18
Q

Where are stratified squamous (non-keratinised) epithelium found?

A 
Oral cavity
Oesophagus
Larynx
Vagina
Part of the anal canal
19
Q

What are the functions of stratified squamous (non-keratinised) epithelium?

A

Protection against abrasion

Reduces water loss but remains moist

20
Q

Where do you find stratifies squamous (keratinised) epithelium?

A

Surface of skin

21
Q

What are the functions of stratified squamous ‘keratinised’ epithelium?

A

Protection against abrasion and physical trauma
Prevents water los
Prevents ingress of microbes
Shields against UV light damage

22
Q

Where do you find transitional epithelium?

A

Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

23
Q

What are the functions of transitional epithelium?

A

Distensibility

Protection of underlying tissue from toxic chemicals

24
Q

What are the modern names for the layers of the epidermis?

A

Horny layer
Granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal layer

(Remember the mnemonic: Horny Grannies Poke Bums)

25
Q

What are the latin names for the layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

26
Q

Which layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells?

A

The horny layer/stratum corneum

27
Q

Which layers of the epidermis consist of living cells?

A

The granular layer/stratum granulosum
The prickle cell layer/stratum spinosum
The basal layer/stratum basale

28
Q

What is the dermis made of?

A

Connective tissue

29
Q

How long does it take for a cell to move through the layers of the epidermis?

A

28-40 days

30
Q

What are the 3 cell types found in the epidermis?

A

Melanocytes, keratinocytes and langerhan cells

31
Q

What are keratinocytes and where are they produced?

A

They produced keratin which strengthens cells, they are produced in the basal layer but migrate up into the prickle cell layer

32
Q

What do keratinocytes differentiate into in the granular layer?

A

Corneocytes (dead cells that have no organelles)

33
Q

What are langerhans cells and where are they found?

A

Dendritic cells,that present antigens to T lymphocytes (and mediate immune responses), they are found in the prickle cell layer/stratum spinosum

34
Q

What are melanocytes and where are they found?

A

Dendritic cells that produce melanin, they are found in the basal layer

35
Q

What is the function of melanocytes and melanin?

A

Melanocytes produce melanin in melanosomes which is transferred to keratinocytes. The melanin then covers the superior nuclear region of the cells and protect the DNA from UV damage

36
Q

How is the pancreas both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

A

Exocrine- pancreatic acini

Endocrine- islet of langerhans

37
Q

How are glands defined in terms of structure?

A

Uni/multicellular
Acinar (like grapes)/tubular (goblet shape)
Coiled/branched

38
Q

What are the 3 methods of secretion by glands?

A

Merocrine (exocytosis)
Apocrine (secret droplets covered in plasmalemma) eg fat droplets of milk
Holocene (whole cell breaks down) eg sebaceous glands of skin

39
Q

How do you name epithelial tissues?

A

1) by the number of cells (simple/stratified)

2) by the shape of cells (columnar/cuboidal/squamous)

40
Q

What are pseudostratified columnar epithelia?

A

When all cells are attached to the basement membrane (simple) but there is the illusion of stratified cells eg in trachea and nasal cavity
(Not all cells reach the lumen BUT all cells are attached to basement membrane)

41
Q

What it transitional epithelia?

A

Cells that are Stratified columnar when relaxed but become stratified cuboidal when stretched eg bladder

42
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

43
Q

What are the functions of the skin? (7)

A 
Protection
Sensation
Thermal regulation
Excretion and secretion
Immunity
Endocrine
Growth

(Remember the mnemonic: People Sometimes Think Eggs Smell Incredible Eggy and Gross)

Body Logistics (Milly's) (9 decks)

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