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Laughing Neuro > epilepsy > Flashcards

epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

WHat characterizes atypical absence seizures?

A

slower (1.5-2.5HZ vs 3hz), last longer, and occur in children with NDD issues

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2
Q

where do olfactory auras come from?

A

medial temporal lobe

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3
Q

Triad in Lennox Gastaut

A
  1. 2 seizure types: tonic, atonic, atypical absence
  2. EEG w/ 1.5-2.5 HZ spike and wave: slow spike and wave discharges
  3. developmental delay
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4
Q

Best treatment for Absence epilepsy

A

ethosuximide

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5
Q

best tx for GTCs with absence?

A

VPA, Lamictal

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6
Q

JME patients jerk more when?

A

alcohol, sleep deprivation

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7
Q

JME patients have what on EEG (2 things)

A
  1. photic response

2. 3.5-4.5 spike/polyspike wave discharges

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8
Q

prominent drooling, speech arrest, some GTC at night in otherwise healthy older kid?

A

BRE

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9
Q

EEG left side?

A

odd

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10
Q

Panayiotopoulus syndrome?

A

early onset, benign epilepsy of childhood with occipital paroxysms: nighttime seizures may be prolonged, vomiting, eye deviation with hemiclonic activity or secondary generalization

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11
Q

late onset benign occipital epilepsy name?

Symptoms?

A

Gastaut type in adolescence. visual symptoms with secondary generalization, then HA

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12
Q

Most common type of progressive myoclonic epilepsy? Genetic cause?
Dx?

A

Unverricht Lundborg disease, mutation in cystatin B on Chr 21. Dx with skin biopsy in axilla showing membrane bound vacuoles in eccrine sweat glands.

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13
Q

what is lafora disease and how to distinguish from Unverricht-Lundborg? Pathology, chromosome?

A

occipital seizures, visual hallucinations. Lafora bodies with polyglucosan are in tissues and eccrine sweat glands, it progresses faster. Chr 6. Muscle, skin, liver, brain inclusions

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14
Q

What is NCL? What is the genetics and the hallmark? Infantile form?

A

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses, AR lysosomal storage disease, abnl accum of lipopigment. Get vision loss. Infantile form is Chr 1p32 for palmitoyl protein thioesterase PPT1. Microcephaly, epilepsy, regression.

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15
Q

PAth seen in NCL?

A

granular deposits, curvilinear bodies, fingerprint profiles, rectilinear complexes.

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16
Q

MERRF is associated with gene in what

A

lyseine

17
Q

What causes sialidosis type 1 and what do you get on exam? Dx?

A

defect in neuraminidase, so no cleavage of sialic acid from galactose. Cherry red spot and cognitive deterioration. Dx with high sialyloligosaccharides in urine

18
Q

What causes benign familial neonatal convulsions?

A

voltage gated K channel mutation

19
Q

What causes GEFs syndromes generally?

A

Voltage gated Na channel

20
Q

SCN1A mutation on what chromosome causing severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy and GEFS+ type 2

A

Chr 2q24

21
Q

s/e of Carbamazepine (tegretol/carbatrol)

A

hypoNA, agranulocytosis, liver inducer, autoinduction

22
Q

s/e of Ethosux / Zarontin?

A

GI

23
Q

s/e of felbatol/felbamate

A

liver failure, aplastic anemia, insomnia

24
Q

s/e of neurontin?

A

periph edema can worsen myoclonus

25
Q

s/e of trileptal / oxcarb?

A

Hypo Na

26
Q

Fast IV Dilantin can cause what?

A

purple glove syndrome and arrhythmia

27
Q

Topamax: s/e

A

kidney stones, oligohydrosis, wt loss, glaucoma, metabolic acidosis, word finding probs at high dose

28
Q

AED w/ sulfa?

A

Zonisamide

29
Q

Tiagabine can cause what?

A

absence status

30
Q

AEDs which mood stabilize?

A

CLOV: carbamazepine, lamictal, oxcarb, valproate

31
Q

Wt loss AEDs

A

felbamate, topiramate, zonisamide

32
Q

AED w/ migraine help

A

gabapentin, topamax, valproate

33
Q

Tremor prevention with AED?

A

primidone, topiramate

34
Q

Kidney eliminators AED

A

keppra, neurontin, vigabatrin

35
Q

THE seizure GABA

A

GABA A

36
Q

Na channel AEDS (6)

A

carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, topiramate, valproate, zonisamide

37
Q

barbiturate vs benzo mechanism?

A

GABA A channel:
Benzo: frequency of opening
Barb: open longer duration
(Ben photographed frequently, bars open late)

38
Q

AED T- voltage gated Ca channel

A

Zonisamide, VPA, ethosux

Laughing Neuro (6 decks)

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