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Laughing Neuro > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Brodman’s vision area?

A

17 (see an R movie)

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2
Q

What foramen does the ICA travel through?

A

foramen lacerum (rum on ICe)

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3
Q

Middle meningeal artery travels through what foramen?

A

foramen spinosum

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4
Q

What does V1 travel through?
V2?
V3?

A

V1: superior orbital fissure
V2: internal auditory meatus then stylomastoid foramen
V3: internal auditory meatus

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5
Q

What does the primary olfactory cortex consist of (two cortices) where?

A

Piriform cortex and Periamygdaloid cortex in ANterior temporal lobe.

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6
Q

Where do fibers from the olfactory cortex project?

A

to orbitofrontal, entorhinal cortex and medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus and hippocampus.

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7
Q

area which may cause olfactory hallucinations?

A

uncus

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8
Q

Muscles innervated by V3?

A

Muscles of mastication, Milohyoid, Anterior belly of digastric, Tensors (tympani and veli palatini) (If you try to masticate a mile of food, your belly becomes tense)

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9
Q

What supplies the posterior belly of the digastric?

A

CN VII

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10
Q

What is the oculocardiac reflex?

A

pressure on the eye causes bradycardia: think SVT

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11
Q

What is the only sensory neuron in the CNS instead of peripheral ganglia? What is it for?

A

Trigeminal’s mesencephalic for position sense of face

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12
Q

what is CN VII path?

A

out brainstem at cerebellopontine angle, travels through internal auditory meatus and facial canal, exits skull through stylomastoid foramen.

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13
Q

Ramsey Hunt involves what?

A

Zoster of geniculate ganglion.

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14
Q

spot of CN VII responsible for taste?

A

chorda tympani

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15
Q

A lesion where on CN VII will cause paralysis of facial muscles but preserved taste?

A

lesion of stylomastoid foramen, b/c taste fibers already through chorda tympani.

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16
Q

Lesion of CN VII where will preserve lacrimation?

A

after the geniculate ganglion and superficial petrosal nerve branch to ptergyopalatine ganglion.

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17
Q

Which receptors in the ear detect linear accelaration?

Angular acceleration?

A

Linear: utricle and saccule.
Angular: cristae in semicircular canals

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18
Q

Peaks in brainstem auditory evoked potentials and structures needed for hearing. (Acronym)

A

NCSLIMA:

  1. Nerve
  2. Cochlear nuclei (medulla)
  3. Superior olivary complex (pons)
  4. Lateral lemniscus (pons)
  5. Inferior collicululs (midbrain)
  6. Medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
  7. auditory radiations (thalamocortical)
    * 8. Cortex: Heschl’s gyrus in temporal lobe)
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19
Q

Muscle associated with glossopharyngeal nerve? nucleus for nerve?

A

stylopharyngeus, motor nucleus is nucleus ambiguus

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20
Q

which way doe the right sternocleidomastoid turn the head?

A

to the left.

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21
Q

which way does the tongue point when protruded if lower lesion?

A

to the weak side. (tongue could Lick the lesion)

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22
Q

What is tolusa hunt syndrome? Treatment?

A

granulomatous inflammation of cavernous sinus with painful ophthalmoplegia. Treat w/ prednisone

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23
Q

Parts of the hypothalamus for appetite increase and decrease?

A

increase: lateral
decrease: ventromedial (destruction of this satiety center causes obesity)

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24
Q

part of hypothal producing dopamine?

A

arcuate

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25
Q

part of thalamus for circadian rhythm?

A

suprachiasmatic

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26
Q

Lesion of what part of the thalamus causes increased temp vs decreased temp?

A

increased temp from anterior lesion which is usually for cooling.
decr temp from posterior lesion which is usually for heat conservation

27
Q

What lesions are damaged in hypothal when you get diabetes insipidus?

A

paraventricular and supraoptic due to loss of ADH

28
Q

Which hypothal areas promote sleep vs promote wake?

A

sleep: anterior hypothal
wake: posterior and lateral hypothal

29
Q

narcolepsy caused by deficient what which does what?

A

orexin (hypocretin) which are in the posterior/lateral hypothal to promote wakefulness by sending projections to ascending arousal systems.

30
Q

Area for release of gonadotropins in hypothal?

A

medial preoptic (stripping of pre-op patients)

31
Q

Describe the papez circuit?

A

Hippocampus –fornix–mamillary body–anterior n. thalamus–cingulate–entorhinal

32
Q

What is the medial forebrain bundle?

A

part of limbic: MOSH: connects midbrain, orbitofrontal region, septal area, and hypothalamus

33
Q

What is Kluver Bucy syndrome

A

hypersexual, hyperoral, placid due to damage of bilateral anterior temporal lobe

34
Q

korsakoff psychosis

A

retrograde / anterograde amnesia with malnutrition and alcohol, causes confabulation

35
Q

wernicke disease damages what areas, what does it cause?

A

EOM abnormality, ataxia, confusion: thiamine def: mamillary body, medial thalamic nucleus, periaqueductal gray, pontine tegmentum

36
Q

Name four cutaneous receptors and purpose?

A
  1. free nerve endings: pain/temp
  2. paccinian: touch, pressure, vibration
  3. merkel: lt touch
  4. meissner: 2pt discrim
37
Q

Axilla dermatome

A

T2

38
Q

knee dermatome

A

L3/4

39
Q

Great toe dermatome?

A

L5

40
Q

posterior thigh dermatome?

A

S2

41
Q

dermatome anterior thigh?

A

L2

42
Q

Sole dermatome (as in Babinski)

A

S1: scrapes the soul

43
Q

Where does conus medullaris terminate in adults vs newborns?

A

L1 in adults, L3 in newborns

44
Q

Think of what if you have loss of pain/temp and paralysis but preserved vibration and position sense?

A

infarction of anterior cord from anterior spinal artery which includes lateral CST, spinothalamics, and anterior horns but spares the dorsal columns which are supplied by the posterior spinal arteries

45
Q

What tracts in sc does B12 deficiency and Friedreichs’s affect? Name of this? If you don’t see B12 defic, order what?

A

3: dorsal columns, lateral SCT, spinocerebellar tracts. If you suspect subacute combined degeneration but B12 is normal, check serum homocysteine and methylalonic acid levels.

46
Q

syringomyelia affects what two areas?

A

central cervical cord with crossing lateral spinothalamic axons and anterior horns

47
Q

ALS affects what?

A

anterior horns and corticospinal tracts

48
Q

thalamus area involved in limbic function?

A

anterior nucleus

49
Q

Mediodorsal thalamic nuclei important for what?

A

frontal association: motivation and memory

50
Q

CN V mesencephalic nucleus is for what?

A

position sense

51
Q

important thalamic nuclei for movement? How?

A

VA and VL, involved in movement. Receive GABA inhibition from GPi and substantia nigra.

52
Q

Regions with no blood brain barrier?

A

NO SPAM about fornication: neurohypophysis, organum vasculosum, subcommisural organ, pineal, area postrema, median eminance, subfornical

53
Q

where does the area postrema connect?

A

nucleus tractus solitarius

54
Q

The only paired circumventricular organ?

A

area postrema: two vomiting centers!

55
Q

Where does the ICA travel through

A

foramen lacerum

56
Q

where does the middle meningeal artery travel through?

A

foramen spinosum

57
Q

what part of the brain does the olfactory pathway go to?

A

temporal lobe (think of TLE) and anosmia (dementia)

58
Q

lesions of what cause olfactory hallucinations

A

uncus: think of Uncle Olaf (uncus / olfactory)

59
Q

muscle involved in eye lid opening

A

levator palpabrae

60
Q

muscles of mastication supplied by trigeminal

A

mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensors (tympani, veli palatini), and muscles of mastication

(if you masticate, a mile of food, belly becomes tense)

61
Q

digastric nerve supply

A

anterior: CN V

posterior belly: CN VII

62
Q

what is the oculocardiac reflex

A

pressure on eyelid causes bradycardia

63
Q

where and what is the ciliospinal center of Budge?

A

C8-T2 for sympathetic innervation of the eye

Laughing Neuro (6 decks)

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