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Laughing Neuro > Behavioral Neurology > Flashcards

Behavioral Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is aphemia, and what is the lesion?

A

inability to speak, but can write. (not language per say).

caused by small Broca’s lesion or subcortical white matter.

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2
Q

dominant inferior frontal gyrus problem causes what?

A

Broca’s aphasia: nonfluent speech, can’t name, can’t repeat, can’t write. CAN comprehend.

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3
Q

dominant superior temporal gyrus problem?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia: severe comprehension problem with fluent nonsensical speech.

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4
Q

conduction aphasia?

A

fluent speech, comprehension okay but cannot name, write, repeat. Prob w/ arcuate fasiculus connecting broca and wernicke areas.

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5
Q

Hallmark of transcortical aphasias?

A

CAN repeat. (May be sensory or motor with similar as either broca’s or wernickes but with preserved repetition.)

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6
Q

Location of transcortical motor aphasia?

A

dominant supplementary motor area, connection of SMA to broca, or above/anterior to Broca.

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7
Q

location of transcortical sensory?

A

junction or temporal, parietal, occipital lobes.

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8
Q

What is Balint syndrome?

A

disconnection with ocular apraxia, optic ataxia, simultagnosia, depth problems

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9
Q

what causes balint syndrome? location

A

damage to bilateral parieto-occipital region: can’t see where something is, but can do what it is (occipitoparietal vs occipitotemporal)

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10
Q

pure word deafness or auditory verbal agnosia

A

hear sounds but can’t understand words or repeat. They can read/write.

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11
Q

what causes pure word deafness?

A

deep dominant superior temporal lesion or bilateral lesions of midsuperior temporal gyrus

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12
Q

Alien limb syndrome?

A

involuntary movement of limb, feel like no control of hand

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13
Q

three causes of alien hand?

A
  1. corticobasilar degeneration
  2. corpus callosum lesion
  3. ACA infarct
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14
Q

Anton syndrome? what causes it?

A

cortical blindness but deny it, caused by bilateral occipital lobe damage

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15
Q

Do anton patients blink to threat or have optokinetic responses?

A

No

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16
Q

Do anton patients have pupil response to lt?

A

Yes.

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17
Q

Capgras syndrome?

A

delusion that people around them have been replaced by impostures. (people captured)

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18
Q

Charles Bonnet’s syndrome?

A

vision loss with people seeing things in space where vision was lost.

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19
Q

Ganser syndrome

A

approximate answers: Dance around the question

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20
Q

Gerstmann syndrome? 4 things? Where is lesion?

A
  1. finger agnosia
  2. R/L confusion (need AAA b/c lost)
  3. acalculia
  4. agraphia

(AAAAA: Dominant Angular gyrus)

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21
Q

location of lesion in Gerstmann syndrome?

A

angular gyrus dominant parietal lobe (remember all the As on the fingers: agraph, acalc, agnos, AAA b/c can’t tell L/R, angular gyrus)

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22
Q

what causes akinetic mutism?

A

silent and still due to bilateral medial frontal damage (cingulate)

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23
Q

what is anosodiaphoria?

A

lack of concern about their impairment (don’t sweat the big stuff: diaphoretic)

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24
Q

anosognosia is what and in what location is the lesion?

A

unaware of impairment

right parietal lesion

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25
Q

what is catalepsy?

A

patient remains in position they are placed.

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26
Q

cataplexy?

A

in narcolepsy with sudden loss of tone following emotions

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27
Q

Two types of catatonia?

A

stuporous: mute, immobile, echolalia/praxia, posturing.
excited: purposeless frenetic activity

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28
Q

what is ideational apraxia?

A

can perform individual component of sequence, but not the whole thing. (can perform each idea, but not summation)

29
Q

ideomotor apraxia?

A

can perform movement but not on command (Can do the motor, but not if someone else’s idea)

30
Q

what is logorrhea?

A

pressured, abundant speech (diarrhea of mouth/words)

31
Q

Borderline ID?

A

70-85

32
Q

mild ID

A

50-70

33
Q

moderate ID

A

30,40,50

34
Q

severe ID

A

20-40

35
Q

profound ID

A

< 25

36
Q

Wisconsin card sort test is good for what testing

A

executive function / frontal lobe

37
Q

What is witzelsucht?

A

inappropriate laughter, orbitofrontal lesions

38
Q

Disinhibited syndrome

A

orbitofrontal syndrome

39
Q

function of orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex

A

integrates emotional info and self awareness into appropriate behaviors

40
Q

what is environmental dependency / utilization behavior

A

can’t inhibit environmental reactions like seeing coffee cup and drinking it

41
Q

dysexecutive syndrome

A

dorsolateral syndrome of prefrontal cortex for working memory and executive functioning

42
Q

medial/anterior cingulate frontal lobe syndrome

A

abulia, apathy syndrome

43
Q

what lesion can lead to akinetic mutism in most severe form

A

cingulate gyrus, b/l medial frontal

44
Q

what is anasognosia

A

lack of awareness of deficit in right parietal lesions

it aint so: anasognosia

45
Q

anosodiaphoria

A

lack of concern about ones impairment (diaphoria: don’t sweat small stuff)

46
Q

catalepsy vs cataplexy

A

catalepsy is waxy flexibility

cataplexy is sudden loss of tone w/ narcolepsy (lepsy and lepsy dont go together)

47
Q

area involved in alternating shyness/fearfulness and fits of unprovoked rage

A

amygdala

48
Q

what are the main features of Kluver Bucy syndrome and where are the lesions

A

placidity (docility), hyperphagia/orality, hypersexuality, visual agnosia

bilateral anterior (amygdala) temporal lobe lesion

49
Q

epilepsy syndrome w/ hypergraphia and micrographia, deepened intellectual life, hyperverbality

A

TLE

50
Q

purposeless frenetic activity

A

excited catatonia

51
Q

features of memory with b/l hippocampal damage

A

severe anterograde (learning), moderate retrograde, intact registration and implicit memory

52
Q

Papez circuit

A

Hippocampus via fornix to MACE:

Mammillary body, Anterior Nucleus thal, Cingulate, Entorhinal cortex

53
Q

repetition requires what 3 structures intact

A

Broca
Wernicke
Arcuate Fasciculus that connects them

54
Q

watershed infarcts may lead to what aphasia problem / feature

A

transcortical: can repeat

55
Q

Percentage of left handed people with left language brain

A

60-70%

56
Q

Area involved in agraphia

A

Exner’s writing area: motor programs for writing that feed into Brocas

57
Q

what causes alexia without agraphia?

A

PCA stroke in left hemisphere that involves the posterior / splenium of the corpus callosum such that visual info from right still can’t cross over

58
Q

what is simultagnosia and what is it seen in?

A

can’t put the whole picture / image together to make full sense of it
seen in Balints

59
Q

‘in anton syndrome what exam features?

A

no blink to threat and no OKN, but pt doesn’t think there is a problem or realize they are blind

60
Q

Dorsal vs Ventral visual pathways

A

dorsal: Where
Ventral: What

61
Q

Charles bonnet syndrome:

A

seeing things in space where vision was lost

62
Q

where is the lesion with agnosia?

A

dominant inferior temporal occipital cortex (can’t get the what)

63
Q

recognition issue?

A

agnosia?

64
Q

what side is neglected in hemineglect and why

A

left neglect b/c due to nondominant lesions typically

65
Q

ideational apraxia is what

A

inability to plan a motor sequence

66
Q

three lesions that can cause alien limb

A
  1. corpus callosum
  2. ACA infarct
  3. corticobasal ganglionic degeneration
67
Q

lesions for prosopagnosia

A

b/l inferior occipital/temporal lesion

68
Q

What is Witzelsucht?

A

inappropriate laughter: orbitofrontal lesion

Laughing Neuro (6 decks)

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