Cerebellar Anatomy Flashcards
Anterior lobe of Cerebellum:
Also called?
Lesions cause?
Paleo or spino cerebellum
Lesion causes ataxic wide based gait
Posterior lobe of cerebellum:
Also called?
Purpose?
Neo / Pontocerebellum
For precise movement
Flocculonodular lobe: also called?
Purpose?
Archicerebellum or Vestibulocerebellum
For equilibrium and eye movements
Which cerebellar peduncles are for input vs output?
Superior: sends info from cerebellum
Middle and inferior: information to cerebellum
Names of the Deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial?
Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial (Deep Embolic Fastigial Globs)
What is the dentate nucleus of cerebellum for?
Dexterity
What important triangle is the dentate nucleus part of?
Lesions in the triangle cause what?
Triangle of Guillain Mollaret.
Lesions cause palatal myoclonus
What is the path important for planning and synergy of movements which is a major output from cerebellum? Describe the path.
Dentatorubrothalamic tract: Purkinje cells -> dentate > thru superior cerebellar peduncle > contralat red nucleus -> VL thalamus -> motor cortex
What cerebellar nucleus is associated with the flocculonodular lobe? What is it for?
Fastigial for stance and walking.
What are the interposed nuclei and what part of the cerebellum are they associated with. What are they for?
Emboliform and Globose. They are assoc with the anterior lobe of cerebellum and help with stability and speed of movement initiation.
Titubation, abnl RAMs, action tremor, and dysmetria are caused by damage to what specific cerebellar structures?
The interposed nuclei: globose and emboliform
Pneumonic to remember the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?
- Molecular layer: mix of cells (basket, stellate, purkinje dentrites, parallel fibers, golgi cell dendrites)
- Purkinje: Picky: only purkinje cells
- Granule cell layer: only G cells: golgi, granule, glomeruli (the synapse of golgi and granule)
Which cerebellar cells have inhibitory GABA neurotrm? (3)
Basket, Golgi, Purkinje
Which cerebellar cells have an excitatory neurotransmission and what is it?
Granule cells: glutamate
What neurotransmitter does the stellate cerebellar cells transmit, and what is its role?
Taurine, inhibitory to Purkinje cells
Which two cerebellar cell types are inhibitory to purkinje cells, and what nts do they use?
Basket: GABA
Stellate: Taurine
What do purkinje cells do?
They are inhibitory to intracerebellar and vestibular nuclei
What cells do granule cerebellar cells excite?
Golgi, basket, stellate
What is the feedback between golgi and granule cells
Granule excites golgi. Golgi inhibits granule.
What are the main sources of input to the cerebellar cortex? (2)
Climbing and Mossy fibers
Mossy fiber neurotransmitter?
What does the mossy fiber excite?
Aspartate. Synapse and excite the granule cells which are generally excitatory.
What do the parallel fibers do?
Excite purkinje cells which carry output from the cerebellar cortex
What finally stimulates / excites the Granule cells to stimulate the purkinje cells?
one mossy fiber
where do the climbing fibers come from?
contralateral inferior olivary nucleus through inferior cerebellar peduncle.
What is the output from the cerebellar cortex? (Cell)
Purkinje!
What are the three pathways by which the cortex provides input to the cerebellum?
- corticopontocerebellar: from middle cerebellar peduncle
- cerebro-olivocerebellar:
- cerebroreticulocerebellar: for voluntary movement control
What are the tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (4)?
- cuneocerebellar
- dorsal (posterior) spinocerebellar
- rostral spinocerebellar
- ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar brings info about movement from where?
ipsilateral upper extremity
what tract brings info about ipsilateral lower extremity movement and trunk to cerebellum?, what cell is important and its path?
dorsal spinocerebellar tract: give rise to mossy fibers in inferior cerebellar peduncle
What peduncle brings info from ventral spinocerebellar tract and what is important about this tract?
Superior cerebellar peduncle, and the fibers cross
Where does info from the globose and emboliform go?
To the contralat red nucleus via the globose-emboliform-rubral pathway.
Where does info from the dentate nucleus go? (2 paths), describe ultimate path.
Dentatothalamic (VL)
Dentatorubral (contralat red nucleus)
*Dentatorubrothalamic pathway: Purkinje->dentate->contralat red nucleus / ventral lateral thalamus -> cortex areas 4,6
Name the one pathway in the middle cerebellar peduncle?
The pontocerebellar or corticopontocerebellar tract
Which efferent pathways are in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?
from the fastigial nucleus to vestibular / reticular pathways
Most of the input into the cerebellum comes in through where?
the inferior cerebellar peduncle
Pneumonic to remember inferior cerebellar peduncle inputs to the cerebellum and the paths?
I want to drink VODCA: Vestibulocerebellar Olivocerebellar Dorsal spinocerebellar Cuneocerebellar Arcuatocerebellar
which cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs? Where are the main fibers from?
The superior cerebellar (GED: globose, emboliform, Dentate nuclei)
What is the uncinate bundle of Russel?
transmits info to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation via superior cerebellar peduncle.
What is the triangle of guillain mollaret?
Red nucleus to inferior olive in central tegmental tract (ipsil)
The dentate is involved in the triangle b/c it sends fibers to the contralat red nucleus in the superior peduncle. And the inferior olive sends climbing fibers back to the dentate in the inferior peduncle.
