Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Focal seizures most commonly originates from …

A

The temporal lobe

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2
Q

Absent seizures last for…

A

10-20 seconds

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3
Q

A brief lapse in muscle tone describes what type of seizure?

A

Atonic seizure

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4
Q

Atonic seizures are associated with ________ syndrome

A

Lennox-Gastaut

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5
Q

Infantile spasms are associated with _________ syndrome

A

West

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6
Q

Examples of siezure triggers

A

Sleep deprivation

Stress

Light sensitivity

Alcohol use

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7
Q

Focal seizures typically last for…

A

1-2 mins

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8
Q

Seizures arising from the temporal lobe can present with…

A

Deja vu

Hallucinations

Memory flashbacks

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9
Q

Seizures arising from the frontal lobe can present with…

A

A “wave-like” sensation in the head

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10
Q

Seizures arising from the primary motor cortex can present with…

A

A jacksonian march

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11
Q

Automatism can occur in which type of seizures

A

Complex, partial seizures

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12
Q

What is the difference between a simple and a complex partial seizure

A

In simple= consciousness in preserved.

In complex, consciousness is not.

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13
Q

In a EEG, absent seizure would present as….

A

A 3 Hz spike-and-wave pattern

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14
Q

In a EEG, a partial seizure would present as….

A

Interictal spikes

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15
Q

What 3 types of seizures are associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

A

Tonic

Atonic

Atypical absent seizures

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16
Q

The triad features of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome are…

A
  1. Multiple types of seizures
  2. EGG showing 1.2-2.5 spike-waves
  3. Cognitive/ behavioural problems
17
Q

The first-line medication for tonic-clonic seizures in non-childbearing people is…

A

Sodium valproate

18
Q

The first-line medication for tonic-clonic seizures in childbearing people is…

A

Lamotrigine/ Keppra

19
Q

The first and second line medication for focal seizures are…

A

1st= Keppra, lamotrigine

2nd= Carbamazepine

20
Q

The first and second medication for absent seizures are…

A

1st= Ethosuximide

2nd= Sodium valproate
- Lamotrigine/ Keppra

21
Q

What antiepileptics should be avoided in Absent and myoclonic seizures

A

The ‘zepines’
- Carbamazepine

GABA drugs

  • Pregabalin
  • Gabapentin

Phenytoin

22
Q

The first-line medication for mycolonic seizures in childbearing people is…

A

Sodium valproate

23
Q

The first-line medication for mycolonic seizures in childbearing people

A

Levetiracetam

24
Q

The first-line medication for atonic seizures in non-childbearing people is…

A

Sodium valproate

25
Q

The first-line medication for atonic seizures in childbearing people is…

A

Lamotrigine

26
Q

What things are reviewed in an epilepsy review

A

Seizure control
- Frequency and severity

Effect on daily living

Mood/ Cognitive disorder

Compliance/ side effects of anti-epileptics

Risk of pregnancy

27
Q

Antiepileptics increases the risk of developing…

A

Osteoporosis

28
Q

Antiepileptics increases the risk of developing…

A

Osteoporosis