Demyelination Flashcards
Classifications of MS
Relapsing-remitting
Primary Progressive
Secondary progressive
The diagnostic criteria for MS is called____
The McDonald criteria
Diagnostic criteria for MS
Dissemination in time
- New lesion
Dissemination in space
- Lesion in >1 area
Risk factors for MS
White, woman
EBV infection
Smoking
Age 30-40
An electrical sensation down the spine/limbs emitted by neck flexion is called ______
Lhermitter sign
LP findings for MS will show _____
Oligoclonal IgG bands
Clinically isolated syndrome describes…
An acute episode of demyelination with neurological signs/symptoms
- That does not fulfil criteria for DIT and DIS.
Ocular features of MS
Optic neuritis
- Central scotoma.
- Pain on eye movement
- Impaired colour vision
- Relative afferent pupillary defect
Spinal cord features of MS [5]
Paresthesia
Limb weakness
Urinary/ bowel dysfunction
Sensory ataxia
Brain stem/ cerebellar features of MS [5]
Vertigo
Gair ataxia
Facial paresis
Tremor
Bulbar symptoms
Acute treatment of MS relapses
Methylprednisolone:
500mg PO for 5 days
2nd line
- 1g IV for 3–5 days
Management of spasticity in MS
Baclofen
Gabapentin
Physiotherapy
Focal, sensory symptoms in MS [4]
Lhermitte’s sign
Trigeminal neuralgia
Numbness
Paraesthesia (pins and needles)
Focal weakness features in MS [4]
- Bells palsy
- Horners syndrome
- Limb paralysis
- Incontinence
CN6 lesion in MS can present as _______
Intranuclear opthalmalpegia
Intranuclear opthalmaplegia describes…
Inability to carry out conjugate eye movement due to damaged of nuclei in between CN3 and CN6
- The affected eye will show impaired adduction.
- Causes double vision
In intranuclear opthalmaplegia the affected eye fails to _______ and the unaffected eye ______ with _______
Affected eye does not adduct
Unaffected eye can abduct but has nystagmus
Neuropathic pain in MS can be managed with…
Amitriptyline
Beta-interferon can be used in MS to…
Reduce the number of relapse episodes
