Epidemiology And Vaccinations Flashcards
What is epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in specified populations.
What is an outbreak
A sudden rise in the number of cases of a disease. It may occur in a community or geographical area, or may affect several countries. It may last a few days, weeks or years
What is an epidemic
Occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people.
In 2003 how many people dies from the epidemic SARS
In 2003 the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic took the lives of nearly 800 people worldwide.
What is a pandemic
A global disease outbreak.
How does a pandemic differ from an outbreak or epidemic
Affects a wider geographical area, often worldwide.
Infects a greater number of people than an epidemic.
Often caused by a new virus or strain of virus that hasn’t circulated among people for a long time- Humans usually have little to no immunity to it.
Causes higher numbers of deaths than epidemics.
Often creates social disruption , economic loss and general hardship.
How many of the hundreds of known corona viruses can infect humans
7
What is the correct name of the virus that causes the disease Covid 19
SARS- CoV -2
What does sars stand for
Severe acute respiratory syndrome.
How does the virus spread from person to person.
When an infected person coughs, droplets containing the virus spray out. Infects a new person through their nose or mouth.
Where do viruses spread best
Enclosed places
What is the proper name for mistakes that the virus makes when it replicates
Mutations
Why are some mutations dangerous
Some make the virus better suited for certain environments.
Why were there no treatments for SARs or MERs
The epidemics ended before those treatments completed clinical trials.
Why is there a risk with the continual encroachment of humans into animal habitats
It can increase the risk of a new Corina virus jumping into human hosts.
Scientists say a new coronavirus virus is inevitable.
What precautions should people take to ensure microorganisms that may cause other illnesses are not spread from person to person easily?
Wear a mask, 2 meters apart social distancing, cough into elbow, can only meet up with people outside, family bubble, wash hands 2 mins, wipe down groceries.
How many people died from the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919
Between 20 and 40 million people
Who and when was the first vaccination invented
Edward Jenner, 150 years ago.
What can you avoid mumps, measles and rubella with
The MMR jab
Name some countries you would need a vaccine before entering
Malaysia, Africa, South Africa, Thailand, Mexico.
What disease did milk maids get from the cows they worked with
Cowpox
Edward Jenner realised that milk maids never got smallpox , what theory did he come up with?
Cowpox got in the way of small pox infecting the milk maids.
Who did Jenner choose to carry his experiment on and why
James Phillips, he was young (age 8 and three quarters) he had never had smallpox or cowpox
Describe how Jenner treated the boy
Took pus from cowpox and rubbed it into 2 small scratches on the boys arms. In a few days he was poorly sick with cowpox but it hit better quickly.
6 weeks later He then took puss from smallpox and put it in the boys cut- he called this vaccination.
In the end he lived fine.
What is herd immunity
Occurs when a large portion of a community (the herd) becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of a disease from one person to another unlikely.
As a result, the whole community becomes protected - not just those who are immune.
