Epidemiology

Question 1

Attack rates

Answer 1

document the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to the disease

Question 2

Epidemiological triangle

Answer 2

the interrelationship between the host, environment, and the method of inquiry to derive an explanation of disease (agent)

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in the human population

Question 4

incidence rate

Answer 4

the occurrence of NEW cases of the disease

Question 5

How do you calculate the incidence rate?

Answer 5

New cases / population at risk at the time

Question 6

Morbidity rate

Answer 6

rate of illness

Question 7

mortality rate

Answer 7

rate of death

Question 8

prevalence rate

Answer 8

the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition

Question 9

calculate prevalence

Answer 9

total number of people with disease / the total population

Question 10

risk

Answer 10

the probability of an adverse event

Question 11

risk factor

Answer 11

variables that increase the rate of disease in people who have them

Question 12

screening

Answer 12

to identify factors and disease in their earliest stage

Question 13

screening programs

Answer 13

community health nurses devote a large portion of their work activities to preforming physical examinations, promoting client self-examinations or conducting screening programs in schools, clinics, or community settings

Question 14

surveillance

Answer 14

a mechanism for the ongoing collection of community health information

Question 15

Epidemiology

Answer 15

study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human population

Question 16

what is the main goal of epidemiology

Answer 16

○ Describe disease patterns.
○ Identify the etiological factors (what causes the disease)
○ Take the MOST effective preventative measures

Question 17

Person-place-time model

Answer 17

organized epidemiologist’s investigations of the disease pattern in the community

Question 18

disease depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure

Answer 18

biological
social
political
physical environment

Question 19

Models look at the human to environmental interactions.
● Stress the multiplicity of host and environmental interactions have developed, and understanding of the disease has progressed
● Useful for analysis of chronic diseases with multiple interrelated factors
● Useful for identifying risk factors

Answer 19

Wheel Model + Web model

Question 20

Point prevalence

Answer 20

when prevalence rates describe the number of people w the disease at a specific point in time

Question 21

period prevalence

Answer 21

represents the number of existing cases during a specific period or interval of time and includes old cases and new cases

Question 22

calculate attack rate

Answer 22

of people who were exposed and became ill /
# of people exposed to illness

Question 23

what can increase prevalent

Answer 23

new cases

Question 24

what can decrease the prevalence

Answer 24

deaths, cured

Question 25

Specific exposures risk factor

Answer 25

risk factors: cigarette smoke, hypertension, high cholesterol, excessive stress, high noise levels, or an environmental chemical

Question 26

fixed characters risk factor

Answer 26

age, sex, genetic makeup

Question 27

calculate relative risk

Answer 27

the incidence of disease in a population exposed to a risk factor /
a population that was not exposed to the same risk factor with the same diease

Question 28

If relative risk is 2 it means

Answer 28

the population exposed is 2x more likely to have the disease compared to population not exposed

Question 29

RR of 1.5

Answer 29

indicates a 50% increase in risk.

Question 30

RR of 1

Answer 30

indicates no excessive risk from exposure.

Question 31

RR of 2

Answer 31

indicates twice the risk.

Question 32

Specific protection

Answer 32

Primary prevention which, Actions aimed at reducing the risk of specific diseases

Question 33

establishing causality

Answer 33

Determining if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between risk factors and disease

Question 34

Multicausation

Answer 34

infectious agents alone is not sufficient to cause disease, the agent must be transmitted within a conducive environment to a susceptible host

Question 35

Will all exposure mean illness

Answer 35

Not all contact with infectious agents leads to an infectious disease