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Community > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Incubation period

A

the time from invasion to the time when disease symptoms invasion to the time when the disease symptoms first appear

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2
Q

carries

A

continue to shed the infection agent without symptoms

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3
Q

When should primary prevention to avoid infection be

A

stage of susceptibility (handwashing)

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4
Q

When should secondary prevention to avoid infection be

A

stage of clinical disease (has symptoms)

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5
Q

When should tertiary prevention be

A

stage of recovering from disability

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6
Q

latent period

A

infectious agent has invaded a host and found condition hospitable to replicate.

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7
Q

is latent period contagnosis

A

no

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8
Q

what is the first contagious period

A

start of communicability period

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9
Q

communicable period

A

follows latency and begins with shedding of agent

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10
Q

Incubation period

A

time from invasion to time when disease symptoms first appear. May overlap with communicable period

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11
Q

incubation ends when the patient

A

becomes symptomatic

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12
Q

stages of infection

A

latent + Incubation–> Incubation + communicable –> Communicable

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13
Q

Incidence

A

the occurrence of new case in the population

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14
Q

endemic

A

constant and expected level or disease in the area
Ex: not going away and there is an expected level/ number of disease in area

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15
Q

outbreak

A

an unexpected occurence of an infectuoua diease in a limited geographic

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16
Q

Epidemic

A

an unexpected INCREASE in an infectious disease in a geographic area over an extended period

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17
Q

Infectious agent

A

Micro-organism capable of causing disease or illness
bacteria
fungi
parasites

act differently depending on their intrinsic properties and interaction with the human host

18
Q

Reservoirs

A

placed in which infectious agents live, grow, and reproduce
people
water
food

19
Q

Portals of exit

A

ways in which infectious agent leaves the reservoir
blood
serections
excertions
skin

20
Q

examples of reservoirs

A

people
water
food

21
Q

modes of transmission

A

ways in which the infectious agent can spread to host
direct: person to person
indirect: implies a vehicle of transmission- airborne droplets or vector

22
Q

portals of entry

A

ways in which the infectious agent eventer the susceptible host
mucous membranes
resp sys
digestive sys
broken skin

23
Q

susceptible host

A

immune def
DM
burns
surgery
age

24
Q

Infectious agents

A

micro-organism capable of causing disease or illness
bacteria
fungi
parasites

25
Q

direct transmission

A

Immediate transfer of agent from host to human human
Direct contact: handshakes, kissing, sex, touching
Indirect contact: sneezing, coughing (droplet)

26
Q

Indirect Transmission

A

Spreads of infection through a vehicle of transmission outside of the host
-airborne
—-particles stay in the air for longer
- vehicle-borne
—-food, water, blood, fomites (objects)
- vector borne
——-biological
——-mechanical

27
Q

Vector-borne: biological

A

the parasite grows in the animal or vector (carry illness)
- malaria

28
Q

Vector-borne: Mechanical

A

when a fly defecates on human food

29
Q

If we screen a patient there must be a

A

solution for followups to send them or its considered unethical

30
Q

contact tracing

A

-contacts the person and encourages them to isolate
-interview and help identify who they were in contact w
-notifies those close contracts and have them monitor for symptoms and self-quarantine

used for STI, TB, COVID

31
Q

challenges with contract tracing

A

privacy (tracer cant name the person infected)

32
Q

Quarantine

A

During the incubation period to enforce isolation and restrict people who have been exposed to an infectious agent during the incubation period

33
Q

controlling human transmission

A

vaccines, quarantining, isolation

34
Q

active immunity: natural

A

antibiotics mad after exposure to an infection

35
Q

Active immunity: articial

A

vaccines

36
Q

passive immunity: natural

A

breast feeding

37
Q

passive immunity: artificial

A

IVIG or other serums

38
Q

Herd immunity

A

a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune

39
Q

herd immunity is when _____ of the population is vaccinated

A

80%

40
Q

eradication

A

a disease that has been eliminated to nearly zero

41
Q

notifiable infectious diease go to

A

health department-> state health department-> CDC

42
Q

cold chain

A

system to insure that vaccines are kept at designated temperatures from the time they are manufactured till given as a vaccine

Community (14 decks)

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