Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Incubation period

Answer 1

the time from invasion to the time when disease symptoms invasion to the time when the disease symptoms first appear

Question 2

carries

Answer 2

continue to shed the infection agent without symptoms

Question 3

When should primary prevention to avoid infection be

Answer 3

stage of susceptibility (handwashing)

Question 4

When should secondary prevention to avoid infection be

Answer 4

stage of clinical disease (has symptoms)

Question 5

When should tertiary prevention be

Answer 5

stage of recovering from disability

Question 6

latent period

Answer 6

infectious agent has invaded a host and found condition hospitable to replicate.

Question 7

is latent period contagnosis

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what is the first contagious period

Answer 8

start of communicability period

Question 9

communicable period

Answer 9

follows latency and begins with shedding of agent

Question 10

Incubation period

Answer 10

time from invasion to time when disease symptoms first appear. May overlap with communicable period

Question 11

incubation ends when the patient

Answer 11

becomes symptomatic

Question 12

stages of infection

Answer 12

latent + Incubation–> Incubation + communicable –> Communicable

Question 13

Incidence

Answer 13

the occurrence of new case in the population

Question 14

endemic

Answer 14

constant and expected level or disease in the area
Ex: not going away and there is an expected level/ number of disease in area

Question 15

outbreak

Answer 15

an unexpected occurence of an infectuoua diease in a limited geographic

Question 16

Epidemic

Answer 16

an unexpected INCREASE in an infectious disease in a geographic area over an extended period

Question 17

Infectious agent

Answer 17

Micro-organism capable of causing disease or illness
bacteria
fungi
parasites

act differently depending on their intrinsic properties and interaction with the human host

Question 18

Reservoirs

Answer 18

placed in which infectious agents live, grow, and reproduce
people
water
food

Question 19

Portals of exit

Answer 19

ways in which infectious agent leaves the reservoir
blood
serections
excertions
skin

Question 20

examples of reservoirs

Answer 20

people
water
food

Question 21

modes of transmission

Answer 21

ways in which the infectious agent can spread to host
direct: person to person
indirect: implies a vehicle of transmission- airborne droplets or vector

Question 22

portals of entry

Answer 22

ways in which the infectious agent eventer the susceptible host
mucous membranes
resp sys
digestive sys
broken skin

Question 23

susceptible host

Answer 23

immune def
DM
burns
surgery
age

Question 24

Infectious agents

Answer 24

micro-organism capable of causing disease or illness
bacteria
fungi
parasites

Question 25

direct transmission

Answer 25

Immediate transfer of agent from host to human human Direct contact: handshakes, kissing, sex, touching Indirect contact: sneezing, coughing (droplet)

Question 26

Indirect Transmission

Answer 26

Spreads of infection through a vehicle of transmission outside of the host -airborne ----particles stay in the air for longer - vehicle-borne ----food, water, blood, fomites (objects) - vector borne -------biological -------mechanical

Question 27

Vector-borne: biological

Answer 27

the parasite grows in the animal or vector (carry illness) - malaria

Question 28

Vector-borne: Mechanical

Answer 28

when a fly defecates on human food

Question 29

If we screen a patient there must be a

Answer 29

solution for followups to send them or its considered unethical

Question 30

contact tracing

Answer 30

-contacts the person and encourages them to isolate -interview and help identify who they were in contact w -notifies those close contracts and have them monitor for symptoms and self-quarantine used for STI, TB, COVID

Question 31

challenges with contract tracing

Answer 31

privacy (tracer cant name the person infected)

Question 32

Quarantine

Answer 32

During the incubation period to enforce isolation and restrict people who have been exposed to an infectious agent during the incubation period

Question 33

controlling human transmission

Answer 33

vaccines, quarantining, isolation

Question 34

active immunity: natural

Answer 34

antibiotics mad after exposure to an infection

Question 35

Active immunity: articial

Answer 35

vaccines

Question 36

passive immunity: natural

Answer 36

breast feeding

Question 37

passive immunity: artificial

Answer 37

IVIG or other serums

Question 38

Herd immunity

Answer 38

a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune

Question 39

herd immunity is when _____ of the population is vaccinated

Answer 39

80%

Question 40

eradication

Answer 40

a disease that has been eliminated to nearly zero

Question 41

notifiable infectious diease go to

Answer 41

health department-> state health department-> CDC

Question 42

cold chain

Answer 42

system to insure that vaccines are kept at designated temperatures from the time they are manufactured till given as a vaccine