Disaster Training Flashcards
Disaster
is any event that causes a level of destruction, death, or injury that affects the abilities of the community to respond to the incident using available resources
Emergencies
events that can be managed by agencies, communities, families, or individuals using their own resources
Mass causality
over 100+ people die
Causality
direct and indirect t victims, displaced persons or refugees
Is an emergency or disaster worst?
disaster
multiple casualty incident
more than 2, fewer than 100 injured persons
direct victim
an individual who is immediately affected bt the event
indirect victim
family member or friend affected or a first responder
refugees
a group of ppl who have fled their homes or even their country as a result of famine, drought, natural disaster, war, or civil unrest
avalanches, blizzards, wildfires
natural disater
assassination, kidnapping, computer-based attacks, chemical, biological
Man-made disater
Combination disaster
NA-TECH (natural/technological) disaster: a natural disaster that creates or results in a widespread technological problem
A blizzard knocked out a power line and causes a power shutdown and radiation leak
Commination disaster/ NA-TECH
flood and mudslides are suprisingly
man made
terrorism motivated by
“is premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents.” International terrorism involves the territory or the citizens of more than one country (p. 1).
What are weapons of mass destruction
chemical
biological
radioactive
Chemical agents
cause death or serious bodily injury through the release, of toxic chemical
what are threats of terrorism
Assassinations
Kidnappings
Hijackings
Bomb scares and bombings
Computer-based attacks
Chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological weapons
biological agents
any weapon involving a disease organism
radioactive agents
designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life
premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents
terrorism
in china there was a sarin gas release it was ___ lethal
highly
how to treat sarin
move to fresh air, water, maybe meds like PAM or atropine
VX is _______ lethal
very highly
treat VX by
moving to fresh air and water and tx with PAM and atropine
Tabun is ___leathy
highly
treat tabun by
moving to freah water and air and tx with atropine and PAM
Tx chlorine/phosgene
moving to fresh water and air and no antidote
Chlorine/phosgene is _____ leathal
low
hydrogen cyanide is ___ lethal
low/moderate
nerve agent banned by international chemical weapons convention
Sarin
Sign of biological weapons
- a lot of people with flu-like symptoms in the summer (endemic disease at diff time of year)
- Healthy population randomly becomes sick
- people rushing for care with same thing
- People all coming in sick and they were all recently at the same place
Sign of biological weapons
- a lot of people with flu-like symptoms in the summer (endemic disease at diff times of year)
- Healthy population randomly becomes sick
- people rushing for care with the same thing
- People all coming in sick and they were all recently at the same place
- people die suddenly and rapidly
Category A pathogen
High risk - Anthrax, plague, smallpox, ebola
Category ___
Easily disseminated or transmitted
high mortality
easily cause panic and social dispution
A
Anthrax, plague, smallpox, ebola
Category B pathogens examples
Salmonella + Ecoli
Catroy __
they are moderately easy to disseminate
result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality
Category B
A P S E
Please say, everyone ate
or
EAPS
Eventually, a plague started
Category A:
Anthra
plague
small pox
Ebola
Most lethal category
A
Salmoneall ad Ecoli are in category
B
category C pathogens are
Hanta virus and covid
C C H V
Can cooper have a virus
Category C
Hanta virus + Covid
category __
Could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of availability ease of production and major health impact
category C
the goal of a detonation of a dirty bomb is to
cause widespread panic and fear
Not the same as a nuclear weapon. There is much less radiation exposure
Hurricane watch
take shelter NOW/ immediate
Tornado/ hurricane warning
In the next 24 hours will happen
how often a disaster occurs
Frequency
meteorologist have helped us predict disasters, e.g. floods, hurricanes. Some are not preventable, fires, explosions
this term is …
Predictability
The action was taken before a disaster. Prim prevention, assessing for potential dangers, developing disaster plans, conducting drills
Preventability/ Mitigation
Preventability/ Mitigation
The action was taken before a disaster. Prim prevention, assessing for potential dangers, developing disaster plans, conducting drills
Imminence
speed of onset, warning available, duration of the impact phase
geographic map of an area that is analyzed for the impact of a potential disaster on the population and building in the area that would be impacted
Risk map
a geographic map that outlines the resources that would be available in or near affected by a potential medical source that would be available in or near the area affected by a potential disaster
Resource map
the ability of a disaster to cause damage or injury
intensity
What is worst a category 1 or category 5 hurricane?
5 is the worst and 157mph or higher winds with catastrophic damage
If there is NO warning of a storm in a area with little resources more pppl can die. This is predicted by using the
scope (geog area)
age, pre-existing health problems, degree of mobility, and emotional stability.
Vulnerability
A community risk map includes
disaster risk (lakes, power plants)
areas that can be flooded
area power plants can explode and cause fire
Vulnerable population (school children, hospitals)
The community resource map shows
- stored supplies
-heavy equipment
-schools w basements shelter
-churchs w basement shelter - tent shelter site
-evacuation route
Patricia, the strongest hurricane ever recorded at sea, reached a record 215 mph as it roared toward the west coast of Mexico in October 2015 ( Nat. Hurricane Center Mar.10, 2016). It’s the strongest wind speed ever measured in a hurricane in the Western Hemisphere
scope
Lots of warning, time to prepare, Evacuation was successful in getting most of the people out before the storm struck
predicatbility
Sparsely populated area, off season so few tourists. Only 6 casualties because of this
timing
It was later found that many of the buildings were older and not built up to modern code. IF these buildings were brought up to code it would have mitigated ( lessened the effects). This may have prevented some deaths
Mitigation
highly populated area, large dam
scope
Disaster management
have the roles listed w responsibilities but do not list the nurse’s or first responders’ names listed bc roles can cause
ensures that resources are available
deveople a disater plan
First responders
local government : responsible for the safety and welfare of its citizens
Office of emergency management
state government:
Involved when a disaster overwhelms the local community’s resources.
PEMA ( Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency)
Federal government Focuses on protecting the American people and their homeland
DHS – multiple departments
FEMA – became part of DHS in 2003
CDC
NDMS/NIMS
non-governmental organization
American red cross
order people will respond to disasters
- local government
- state
- federal
- non-government
First responders get initial call - fires, car crashes, accidents
local government
Mass casualty, explosion, mass shootings…They will notify the state ( PEMA and FEMA) as needed
office of emergency management
community resoures can be
boy scouts, or veteran assoication
Releases/ Disseminate threat information
includes the national disaster mgt medical system
Department of Homeland security
Uses National Incident Management System ( NIMS) to coordinate response. This includes all non- medical response
Federal emergency mgt
After a threat has passed, will conduct surveillance to identify health hazards
Keep healthcare workers up to date
Gives direction on the treatment of communicable diseases (mass immunization if needed)
Center of disease control (CDC)
Coordinates efforts with other federal agencies, once President has declared an emergency or disaster
Programs include:
health services,
spiritual care,
disaster mental health,
fire safety
American red cross
Primary prevention ( Prevention (mitigation) stage and Preparedness/Planning stage
Prevention stage, also known as mitigation stage - Aimed at preventing the occurrence of a disaster
Preparedness/ Planning stage – aims to limit the consequences if the disaster can’t be prevented
Secondary prevention ( __________stage)
Response stage
Implemented once the disaster occurs
Includes shelter in place, search, rescue and triage of victims (p.602 Table 29-2)
Assessment of destruction and devastation
Deals with community and personal response to disasters
Tertiary prevention (_______stage)
Recovery Stage
Focuses on recovery and restoring the community to previous levels of functioning
Aimed at preventing a recurrence or minimizing the effects of future disasters
Shelter in Place
Evacuation
Search and Rescue
Staging Area
Disaster Triage
Rapid Epidemiological Assessment
This is considered the ______ stage
Response/ secondary prevention
Green tage
walking wounded
Yellow tage
systemic but not yet life-threatening complications
Red tag
life-threating conditions that can be stabilized and have a high probability of survival
Black tag
death is immendite
Hazmat tag
contaminated
reposition airway
have resp _______
Dont have resp________
Have: immediate (red)
Dont have: deceased (black)
Over 30 resp get ____ tag
red
under 30 resp and altered mental status
red tag
Normal Resp and no pulse
immediate (red tag)
Normal resp under 30: and normal mental status
yellow or green
Patient 1 – Pt. states he cannot move his legs. His resp. is 24. Cap. refill is less than two. He is awake and oriented.
Yellow
Patient 2 – Her shirt is soaked with blood. Resp. are 36. Cap. refill is less that 2 seconds. She is awake and oriented
red
Patient 3 - Some minor abrasions to the forehead. Resp. is 16. Cap. refill is less that 2 seconds. He cannot recall his name or where he is.
red
Patient 4 – Pt. appears to have no injuries. Resp. 20. Cap refill less that 2 seconds. She is unconscious
red
This patient appears to have no injuriesHer respirations are 20 – go to perfusionHer capillary refill is less than 2 seconds – go to mentationShe is unconscious – Stop here and give a red tag
Patient 5 – Pt. is lying quietly on the floor. They are not breathing. Cap. refill is greater than 2 seconds. What would you do first?
black
reasons to get a red tag
Resp over 30
The airway had to be repositioned
Cant follow commands or unconscious
Capillary refill more than 2 seconds
this is the phase when people are working 20 hours straight and want to keep on going
everyone helps people survive. Health care personnel work with little sleep.
heroic phase
people gather together and tell their stories
people tell stories about how then helped and did things they normally wouldn’t do.
honeymoon phase
health care providers experience depression & exhaustion.
disillusionment
phase where ppl look towards the future
reconstrution
response phases of the community
HHDR
Heros Have duty + responsibility
Heroic- everyone helps people survive. Healthcare personnel work with little sleep.
Honeymoon- people gather together and tell their stories.
Disillusionment- health care providers experience depression & exhaustion.
Reconstruction- look to the future.
Can you get sued under the Good samaritan act?
Yes, but only if you did not practice with in your scope of practice
of any acts or omissions in rendering the emergency care, except any grossly negligent acts or omissions which result in harm to the person receiving emergency care
