EPHE Final Flashcards
Leptin
Appetite hormone made by adipose tissue and stomach that suppresses appetite
Hunger
Response to a physiological need that is sensed by the hypothalamus
Appetite
Response to psychological need (emotional connection, smell)
Satiation
“Stop signals” that build throughout a meal.
Satiety
Perception of fullness that lingers after eating
Risk factor
Factors known to be related (or correlated with) diseases but not proven to be causal
Atherosclerosis
a disease of the arteries characterized by plaque build up. It is a complex inflammatory response
Myocardial infarction
from the heart muscle not getting enough of the blood (nutrients) it needs to contract
Stroke
when the blood vessels carrying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are blocked (occluded) or ruptured
Thrombus
the stationary clot (stays at the plaque)
Thrombosis
when the stationary clot is large enough to occlude the arterial blood flow
Plaque
mounds of lipids and arterial muscle cells at site of injury
Embolus
a clot that has broken free from the plaque
Embolism
clot that has wedged into a smaller artery and occludes blood flow
Phytochemical
Biologically active compounds, that when consumed, are believed to confer resistance to disease
Functional food
Foods with physiological benefits or with the ability to reduce chronic disease risks beyond basic nutrients. Eg: omega 3 eggs
Nutraceutical:
product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not associated with foods.
It has demonstrated a physiological benefit or believed to provide protection against chronic disease.
Optimal Energy availability
30-45kcal/FFM
all the calories left over after accounting for exercise
low energy availability
<30 kcal/kg FFM → what is left after accounting for exercise
When EA is below this current threshold
Stunting
low height for age
Irreversible effects
Lowers their mental capacity and physical growth
Wasting
low weight for age
Acute malnutrition, reversible
Food security
Reliable access to enough nutritious food at all times to sustain a healthy active life.
Food insecurity
The condition of limited or uncertain access to food of sufficient quality or quantity to sustain an active healthy life.
Food poverty
Hunger occurring when enough food exists in an area but some of the people cannot obtain it because they lack money, are being deprived for political reasons, live in a country at war, or suffer other problems such as lack of transportation.
