EPE module 3

Question 1

what is multi morbidities

Answer 1

having multiple conditions that can make care for a person more involved and complex

Question 2

what is sarcopenia

Answer 2

this is one of the most important causes of loss of functional ability and independance in the elderly. significantly affects QOL. Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease in which muscle mass, strength, and performance are significantly compromised with age.

Question 3

what is polypharmacy

Answer 3

when a person is on five or more different medications for a number of different conditions

Question 4

why can polypharmacy be difficult to navigate

Answer 4

as being on many different drugs can make medication taking confusing so could lead to lack of adherence. can also be problematic for the body as the many different drugs can leads to adverse drug interactions as people are on so many classes

Question 5

what are the 4 levels of care someone can be in

Answer 5

rest home, dementia care, private hospital care, psychogeriatric hospitals

Question 6

describe rest home care

Answer 6

long term residential care for elderly people who are no longer able to fully live on their own and may require some supervision and help with daily activities. most of the care being provided by nurses and HCAs

Question 7

describe dementia care

Answer 7

specialised care for people with dementia, dementia care facilities have more intense care and supervision of the people in them as they often require a secure environment. so these places will have more workers to residents

Question 8

private hospitals describe them

Answer 8

similar to a rest home but these places provide higher level of nursing care for residents as living in here typically means that residents have more advanced stages of illness or disability

Question 9

describe the psychogeriatric hospital

Answer 9

these are living arrangements for people who are high dependency and have challenging behaviours. these are often dementia related or old age related.

Question 10

what is taha wairua

Answer 10

what provides a person with a sense of meaning, purpose and connection to themselves, others and the bigger picture.

Question 11

what are tau proteins

Answer 11

Tau proteins are a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the stability and assembly of microtubules, which are structural components of cells. They are primarily found in neurons, the cells of the nervous system, and are essential for maintaining the structure and function of these cells.

Question 12

what happens in dementia in regards to the tau proteins

Answer 12

tau proteins become abnormally phosphorylated which causes them to detach from microtubules and aggregate to form insoluble tangles inside of the neurons, causing damage to said neurons

Question 13

what is imposter syndrome

Answer 13

the persistent inability to believe that ones success is deserved or has been legitimately achieved as a result of ones own efforts or skills - more inclined to view success as a fluke

Question 14

what are the 4 aspects of te whare tapa wha

Answer 14

Taha tinana - physical health
Taha wairua - spiritual health
Taha whaanau - family health
Taha hinengaro - mental health.

Question 15

what are the characteristics of resilient persons

Answer 15

internal locus of control - they believe any change or action in life has them being the sole person responsible/
Problem solving skills. Strong social connections. Self efficacy, emotional regulation, self compassion, physical wellbeing.

Question 16

what is problem focused coping and emotion focused coping

Answer 16

problem focused coping is focusing on the stressor itself and reducing its demands, or expanding resources to deal with it
emotion focused coping is focusing on the response to the stressor, controlling ones psychological or physiological response to it.

Question 17

what are the 4 types of dementia

Answer 17

alzheimers, frontotemporal dementia, lewy body dementia and vascular dementia

Question 18

frontotemporal dementia describe it

Answer 18

Frontotemporal dementia: abnormal amounts of forms of the tau proteins accumulate in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain - hence the name frontotemporal. As it’s the frontal lobe this type of dementia sees changes in emotion, behaviour, language and can also cause movement problems such as shaky hands or balance issues. 45-64

Question 19

describe alzheimers

Answer 19

Alzheimer’s: abnormal deposits of proteins form amyloid plaques and tau tangles throughout the brain. This can come in mild, moderate and severe types of presentations. Usually occurs in those aged 60 and above.

Question 20

describe lewy body dementia

Answer 20

Lewy body dementia: this type of dementia sees abnormal deposits of the alpha-synuclein proteins - lewy bodies - form affecting the brains chemical messaging. In this lewy body disorder type of dementia we see cognitive decline, muscle and sleep problems and can also have some hallucinations. 50 or older

Question 21

describe vascular dementia

Answer 21

Vascular dementia: this occurs when there are conditions or clots that impede blood flow in the brain. This will present as the person forgetting current or past events, misplacing items, trouble following instructions or learning new information, hallucinations or delusions, poor judgement.
This tends to happen in the over 65 age range.