EO5 - Chapters 12,13,14 Flashcards
Agriculture
Humans changing the landscape so they can grow crops and animals for eating and trading.
Commercial Agriculture
Farmers grow and sell ONE crop for profit.
Subsistence Agriculture
Farmers and their family eats what they grow, with not much food left over for selling. Usually done with simple tools and manual labor.
Plant Domestication
Growing, planting, raising, and harvesting of crops.
Animal Domestication
Raising and caring for animals for protection or food.
First Agricultural Revolution
Domestication of plants and animals.
Terrace Farming
Building steps onto the sides of hills to have flat land for growing crops.
Irrigation
Moving the flow of water from its source to water plants.
Carrying Capacity
Number of people or crops an area can support.
Slash-and-Burn, Shifting Cultivation
Crops in an area are cut and burned in the same place.
Swidden
A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
Deforestation
Cutting down large areas of forests.
Desertification
Land transforming from fertile to desert.
Second Agricultural Revolution
Started in Great Britain in the 18th century accompanied by the Industrial Revolution. Saw improvements in mechanization, transportation, large scale irrigation, and changes in consumption patterns of agricultural goods.
Enclosure Acts
Series of laws that let landowners purchase and enclose their land for only their use.
Barbed Wire
An inexpensive way to keep livestock trapped.
Third Agricultural Revolution
Starting in mid-20th century, science, research, and technology caused the development and dissemination or more efficient farming equipment and practices.
Green Revolution
Advancements in plant biology caused higher-yielding, disease-resistant, and faster-growing varieties of grain.
GMOs
(Genetically Modified Organism) Engineering techniques by humans to change the DNA of a seed.
Pastoral Nomadism
Subsistence agriculture in the developing world where people move from place to place with their herds of domestic animals.
Ranching
Commercial agriculture in the developed world where animals graze over large areas while owners stay in one place.
Plantation
Large farm for commercial agriculture in LDCs. Usually specializes in one crop.
Winter Wheat
Wheat planted in spring, harvested in fall. Grown in colder regions.
Spring Wheat
Wheat planted in fall, harvested in summer. Planted in warmer regions.
Market Gardening, Truck Farming
Small scale commercial gardening in the U.S. Fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. sold straight to local people.
Milk Shed
Geographic distance in which milk is delivered.
Mediterranean Agriculture
Practiced in areas with hot-dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and irrigation systems.
Transhumance
Seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevation and valleys in the summer.
Livestock Ranching
Commercial agriculture of grazing animals confined to a specific area.
Extensive Farming
Uses a large amount of land that yields more output per acre through less intensive farming.
Intensive Farming
Dairy
Double-Cropping
Growing more than one crop in a year.
Intercropping
Feed Lots
Agribusiness
Supply Chain
Commodity Chain
Monoculture
Suitcase Farm
Cool Chains
Luxury Crops
Neocolonialism
Fair Trade Movement
Subsidy
Infrastructure
Clustered Settlements
