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APHUG > EO3 - Chapters 6,7,8 > Flashcards

EO3 - Chapters 6,7,8 Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

Learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects in a visible force.

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2
Q

Cultural trait

A

A single element of a culture. Combined with many, make up a culture.

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3
Q

Cultural complex

A

Interrelated groups of cultural traits that talk about a society.

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4
Q

Culture hearth

A

Unique culture or trait developing in a place.

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5
Q

Taboo

A

Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture.

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6
Q

Folk culture

A

Small similar groups of people that often live in rural, isolated areas and are unwilling to change their practices.

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7
Q

Sense of place

A

People’s feelings toward a place.

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8
Q

Cultural region

A

Areas with similar cultural traits.

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9
Q

Formal region

A

Region defined by governments and experts.

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10
Q

Functional region

A

Regions based on interaction, mostly centered on a node.

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11
Q

Perceptual region

A

How people think about places. No defined boundaries.

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12
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Visible reflections of a culture on a landscape.

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13
Q

Ethnic enclave

A

Clusters of people of the same culture, usually surrounded by a population dominant to that region.

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14
Q

Culture realm

A

Large areas that include several regions. Defined by language families, religious traditions, food preferences, architecture, and shared history that they have in common.

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15
Q

Space-time compression

A

Development in transportation and communication that have shortened the time required for interaction between places.

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16
Q

Globalization

A

Intensified interaction among people, governments, and companies of different countries around the world.

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17
Q

Popular culture

A

Culture not tied to a specific location, but to a general location based on widespread diffusion.

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

Spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other cultural aspects over a wide area.

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19
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Spread of a cultural trait by people that migrate and carry their cultural traits with them.

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20
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

Indirect or direct spread of cultural traits without migration.

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21
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Cultural traits spread outward from its hearth through contact among people.

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22
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

Culture spread outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and importance.

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23
Q

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

A

Cultural traits spread from a lower class to a higher class.

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24
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

People in a culture adopt an idea from another culture, but they alter it because they reject one trait from it.

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25
Q

Acculturation

A

Cultures come into contact and the less dominant culture adopts traits of the more dominant culture.

26
Q

Assimilation

A

An ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group.

27
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Coexistence of several cultures in one society.

28
Q

Nativist

A

Anti-immigrant attitudes.

29
Q

Linguist

A

Scientists who study languages.

30
Q

Language tree

A

Shows the relationship between language families; how they are related and how they grow out of each other.

31
Q

Indo-European language family

A

Large group of languages. Most people speak a language from this family.

32
Q

Romance language

A

Languages that emerged from Latin.

33
Q

Isogloss

A

Boundaries between variations in pronunciation or word usage.

34
Q

Dialect

A

Regional variations of a language. Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling.

35
Q

Adage

A

Sayings that reflect the truth about life.

36
Q

Lingua franca

A

Common language used by people who don’t share a native language.

37
Q

Slang

A

Word or phrase informal usage by a fraction of the population.

38
Q

Pidgin language

A

Simplified mixture of two languages with few grammatical rules and small vocabulary. Developed by extensive contact of people speaking different languages.

39
Q

Creole language

A

Combination of two or more languages creating a language with formal structure and vocabulary.

40
Q

Swahili

A

Language created by mixing Arab and Bantu.

41
Q

Official language

A

Language designated by law to be the language of a government.

42
Q

Homogeneous

A

Countries made up of largely ethnically similar people.

43
Q

Ethnicity

A

Membership in a group of people who share ancestry, language, customs, histore, and common experiences.

44
Q

Nationality

A

Describes people’s connection to a specific country, ethnicity, and cultural traits.

45
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith.

46
Q

Sharia

A

The Islamic legal framework for a country.

47
Q

Theocracies

A

Countries ran by religious leaders and have religious laws.

48
Q

Neolocalism

A

Process of re-embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of a place.

49
Q

Polytheistic

A

Religion worshipping many gods.

50
Q

Monotheistic

A

Religion worshipping one god.

51
Q

Karma

A

Idea that behaviors have consequences in the present or future life.

52
Q

Caste system

A

Rigid class structure.

53
Q

Ethnic religion

A

Belief traditions that show strong cultural characteristics among their followers.

54
Q

Diaspora

A

Global migration of Jewish people beyond Isreal.

55
Q

Universal religion

A

A religion that is in universal scope, which is available to everyone to convert to.

56
Q

Pilgrimage

A

Religious journey to a sacred place to their religion.

57
Q

Animism

A

Belief that non-living objects have a spirit.

58
Q

Charter group

A

First group to establish cultural and religious customs in a place.

59
Q

Ethnic island

A

Ethnic concentrations in rural areas.

60
Q

Sequent occupance

A

Process of ethnic groups moving in and out of neighborhoods and leaving or creating their print of their culture.

APHUG (7 decks)

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