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APHUG > EO2 - Chapters 3,4,5 > Flashcards

EO2 - Chapters 3,4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

Population distribution

A
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2
Q

Population density

A

Measure of average population per square mile or kilometer.

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3
Q

Midlatitudes

A

Areas with the most people living. Between 30 degrees North and 60 degrees North, and 30 degrees South and 60 degrees South.

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4
Q

Social stratification

A

Hierarchical division of people based on economic status, power, ethnicity, or religion.

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5
Q

Arithmetic population density

A

Region’s total population divided by its total area.

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6
Q

Physiological population density

A

Population divided by arable land.

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7
Q

Arable land

A

Land suitable for growing crops.

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8
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Population an area can support without environmental deterioration.

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9
Q

Agricultural population density

A

Compares the number of farmers to area of arable land.

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10
Q

Redistricting

A

Drawing electoral district boundaries.

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11
Q

Overpopulation

A

An area having more people that it can support.

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12
Q

Age-sex composition graph, Population pyramid

A

A graph showing the distribution of a population by age and sex.

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13
Q

Cohorts

A

Age groups.

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14
Q

Birth deficit

A

Slowdown of births.

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15
Q

Baby boom

A

Significant increase in birth rates.

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16
Q

Baby bust

A

Period of time after the boom and until boomers reach a child-bearing age. Births are lower for those years.

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17
Q

Echo

A

An earlier significant increase, or a bulge in the pyramid during a baby boom.

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18
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Value comparing the working to the nonworking parts of a population.
(Potential workforce/dependent population)

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19
Q

Potential workforce

A

Ages 15-64. Group expected to be society’s labor force.

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20
Q

Dependent population

A

Ages under 15 or over 64. Considered too young or old to work full-time.

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21
Q

Crude birth rate (CBR)

A

Number of live births per year for every 1000 people.

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22
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

Average number of children born per woman in her childbearing years (15-49).

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23
Q

Anti-natalist policies

A

Programs to decrease the number of births.

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24
Q

Pro-natalist policies

A

Programs to increase the fertility rate.

25
Q

Life expectancy

A

Number of years the average person will live.

26
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of children who die before reaching 1 years old.

27
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

A model showing five typical stages of population change that countries undergo as they modernize.

28
Q

Expansive population pyramid

A

Pyramid with high birth rates (causing a wide base) and low life expectancy (causing narrowing at the top).

29
Q

Stationary population pyramid

A

Pyramid that shows a country isn’t significantly growing or shrinking.

30
Q

Crude death rate (CDR)

A

Number of deaths per year for every 1000 people.

31
Q

Rate of natural increase (RNI)

A

Percentage of a country’s population is growing or declining. (Without accounting migration).
RNI = (CBR - CDR) / 10

32
Q

Immigrants

A

Number of people who moved into the country.

33
Q

Emigrants

A

Number of people who moved out of the country.

34
Q

Demographic Balancing Equation

A

Calculating a country’s total population change.

Total Population Change = Births - Deaths + Immigrants - Emigrants.

35
Q

Epidemiological Transition Model

A

Describes changing population patterns in terms of diseases.

36
Q

Malthusian theory

A

World’s population was growing faster than the rate of food production, so soon mass starvation would occur.

37
Q

Neo-Malthusians

A

Adapting Malthus’ ideas, they argue overpopulation is a serious problem, and an even greater threat for the future.

38
Q

Migration

A

Permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another.

39
Q

Voluntary migration

A

People moving by choice, usually in search of a better life.

40
Q

Push factors

A

Negative circumstances, conditions, and events present where people live.

41
Q

Pull factors

A

A destination’s positive circumstances and conditions.

42
Q

Asylum

A

Protection from danger people face in their home country.

43
Q

Intervening obstacles

A

Barriers making the move to people’s final destination harder.

44
Q

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

A

Eight patterns, or “laws” about migration tendencies, patterns, and demographics.

45
Q

Distance decay

A

The further two places are, the less likely a person is to migrate between them.

46
Q

Gravity model of migration

A

The movement of people between two places is based on factors of population size and distance

47
Q

Step migration

A

Migrants reach their final destination through a series of smaller moves.

48
Q

Counter migration

A

The return of migrants to the regions that they earlier emigrated from.

49
Q

Return Migration

A

Immigrants moving back to their former home.

50
Q

Guest worker

A

Moving outside of your country for work.

51
Q

Forced migration

A

Movement in which people do not choose to relocate, but do so under the threat of violence.

52
Q

Internally displaced person (IDP)

A

Person forced to migrate but hasn’t crossed an international border.

53
Q

Refugees

A

People that have fled their country and seek asylum in another country.

54
Q

Chain migration

A

People move to communities where relatives or friends have previously migrated to.

55
Q

Ethnic enclaves

A

Neighborhoods filled with mostly people of the same ethnic group.

56
Q

Xenophobia

A

Strong dislike for people practicing another culture.

57
Q

Brain drain

A

Migration out of a country where the migrants highly skilled people.

58
Q

Remittances

A

Money immigrants send back to their family and friends in the country they left.

APHUG (7 decks)

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