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APHUG > EO4 - Chapters 9,10,11 > Flashcards

EO4 - Chapters 9,10,11 Flashcards

1
Q

State

A

Largest political state. Formal term for a country.

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2
Q

Sovereignty

A

Power of a political unit to rule over itself.

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3
Q

Nation

A

Group of people who share a common heritage, beliefs and values, a particular space as their homeland, desire to have their own state or express self-determination.

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4
Q

Nation-state

A

Nation of people who fulfill the qualifications (match) of a state.

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5
Q

Multinational state

A

Country that contains more than one nation.

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6
Q

Autonomous region

A

Defined area in a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state.

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7
Q

Stateless nation

A

Cultural groups that don’t have an independent political entity (land for themselves).

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8
Q

Multistate nation

A

Nation that has its own state but stretches across borders of other states.

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9
Q

Nationalism

A

A nation’s desire to create and maintain a state of its own.

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10
Q

Centripetal forces

A

Forces that pull to the center.

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11
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

Forces that pull away from the center.

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12
Q

Imperialism

A

Ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance.

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13
Q

Colonialism

A

People move into and settle on the land of another country.

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14
Q

Berlin Conference (Congo Conference) 1884

A

Meeting of major empires in Europe to form boundaries in Africa.

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15
Q

Decolonization

A

Colonial territories winning independence.

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16
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Economic, political, and cultural control over developing countries through indirect means.

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17
Q

Genocide

A

Organized killing motivated by race, religion, ethnicity, or nationality.

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18
Q

Cold War

A

(1945-1991) Diplomatic, political, and military rivalry between the U.S and the U.S.S.R.

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19
Q

Satellite state

A

Types of states that are politically and economically dominated by another state.

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20
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

Forced removal of a minority ethnic group from a territory.

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21
Q

Geopolitics

A

Study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states.

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22
Q

Territoriality

A

Willingness by one or a group of people to defend space they claim.

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23
Q

Organic Theory

A

States are born and require nourishment and living space to survive. A state either has to grow or it’ll cease to exist.

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24
Q

Heartland Theory

A

Land-based power is essential in achieving global domination.

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25
Q

Rimland Theory

A

Power is derived from controlling strategic maritime areas around the world. (Connected with the sea).

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26
Q

Defined boundary

A

Invisible line established by a legal document (treaty). Separates one entity from another.

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27
Q

Delimited boundary

A

Line drawn on a map to show limits of a space.

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28
Q

Demarcated boundary

A

Identified by physical objects on the landscape.

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29
Q

Natural boundary

A

Physical boundaries (that are a part of nature) to seperate entities.

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30
Q

Geometric boundary

A

Straight line drawn by people that doesn’t follow any physical features.

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31
Q

Cultural boundary

A

Based on human traits of behavior.

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32
Q

Antecedent boundary

A

Boundary that existed before a large population.

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33
Q

Subsequent boundary

A

(Ethnographic) Boundary to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences.

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34
Q

Relic boundary

A

Boundary that no longer exists, but its presence is still felt on the landscape.

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35
Q

Superimposed boundary

A

A boundary drawn by outside powers.

36
Q

Militarized boundary

A

Boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement.

37
Q

Open boundary

A

Boundary where crossing is unrestricted.

38
Q

Definitional boundary

A

(Position) Dispute - Parties disagree on interpreting legal documents/maps that identify the boundary.

39
Q

Locational boundary

A

(Territorial) Dispute - center on where a boundary should be.

40
Q

Irredentism

A

One country wants to annex territory in another due to ties to a part of the population that lives there.

41
Q

Operational boundary

A

(Function) Focuses on how a boundary functions.

42
Q

Allocational boundary

A

(Resource) Boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries.

43
Q

The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea

A

Laws that defined four zones in the sea - Territorial sea, Contiguous zone, Exclusive economic zone, High seas.

44
Q

Territorial sea

A

12 nautical miles of sovereignty. Commercial vessels can pass but non-commercial vessels can be challenged.

45
Q

Contiguous zone

A

24 nautical miles of limited sovereignty. States can enforce their own laws in customs, immigration, and sanitation.

46
Q

Exclusive Economic Zone

A

200 nautical miles of exploring, extracting minerals, and managing.

47
Q

High seas

A

Water beyond EEZs. Open to all states. (International waters)

48
Q

Electorate

A

(At a national, state/provincial, and local scale) Elected officials who designate to defined districts with distinct boundaries.

49
Q

Census

A

A count of the population every 10 years.

50
Q

Reapportionment

A

Changing the number of representatives granted each state so it reflects the state’s population.

51
Q

Redistricting

A

State legislatures redraw district boundaries so each district contains roughly the same amount of people.

52
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing boundaries for political districts by the party or power to gain an advantage.

53
Q

Cracking

A

Splitting a group into several districts to prevent a majority.

54
Q

Packing

A

Combining like-minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other regions.

55
Q

Stacking

A

Diluting a minority populated district with majority populations.

56
Q

Hijacking

A

Redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other.

57
Q

Kidnapping

A

Moving an area where ar elected representative has support to an area where he or she does not have support.

58
Q

Shatterbelt

A

Region that suffers from being located between two very different regions.

59
Q

Unitary state

A

Primarily held by one central government, no regional authorities. Commonly used in countries with few cultural differences and small minorities.

60
Q

Federal state

A

The power is shared between the central, state, and local governments. Most commonly used in countries with multi ethnic groups and significant minorities.

61
Q

Morphology

A

A state’s shape.

62
Q

Compact state

A

The center of the state is almost equidistant to all the boundaries of the state.

63
Q

Elongated state

A

“Long” states. Much longer in one direction than the other.

64
Q

Prorupted state

A

A state with a primary body of territory that makes up most of the state, but also has a long extension of land.

65
Q

Perforated state

A

A state that completely surrounds another state.

66
Q

Fragmented state

A

State with islands scattered from the core.

67
Q

Annexation

A

Legally adding territory to a city.

68
Q

Networks

A

Set of interconnected entities (nodes), without a center or hierarchy.

69
Q

Globalization

A

Uniting of markets, states, communication, and trade on a worldwide scale.

70
Q

Supranationalism

A

Organization of multiple countries for greater benefit of all of them.

71
Q

Transnational corporation

A

Companies that conduct business on a global scale.

72
Q

Economy of scale

A

Cost advantages of conducting economic activity on a large scale.

73
Q

Horizontal integration

A

The merging two corporations with similar products or services.

74
Q

Vertical integration

A

The merging of two corporations with different steps of production.

75
Q

Supply Chain

A

Network of companies around the world that produce, transport, and distribute a final product.

76
Q

Devolution

A

Transfer of political power from the central government to the subnational levels of government. (Regional)

77
Q

Terrorism

A

Organized violence aimed at governments or civilians in order to create fear in political aims.

78
Q

Autonomous region

A

States with their own local and legislative bodies to govern and its population is an ethnic minority within the entire country.

79
Q

Subnationalism

A

When people who are allied with a traditional group or ethnicity rather than the state they are in.

80
Q

Balkanization

A

Breaking of a state or region into smaller units through conflict in ethnicities.

81
Q

Democratization

A

Transition from autocratic to more representative forms of politics.

82
Q

Time-space compression

A

Social and psychological effects of faster movement of information over space in a shorter period of time.

83
Q

Regionalism

A

Belief or practice of regional administrative systems rather than central systems.

84
Q

Nationalism

A

Feeling of patriotism and loyalty to your country.

85
Q

Homogeneous

A

Population that shares common traits.

APHUG (7 decks)

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