ENZYMES Flashcards
What is the purpose of an enzyme
they are used to increase the metabolic rate of any given reaction. This may be in digestion or in production.
What is an intracellular enzymes
these are enzymes that are used inside of the cell such as the enzyme catalase that is used to digest HO- in the cell
What is an extracellular enzyme
these are used outside of the cell such as the enzymes in typsin that are used to digest proteins into polypeptides
Why do enzymes have their specific shape
they fit to a specific substrate so without the shape the complex wont be formed
what is lock and key
this is that the substrate fits perfect to the enzyme to for the e+s complex
what is induced fit
the enzyme may adapt the r groups to change the shape of the active site to be more complementary to the shape of the substrate. The forces holding the molecule together are van der waals and ionic bonds
why is induced fit more realistic
no molecule is going to be made rigid so the idea of the active site slightly changing to accommodate the substrate is much more realistic
What is the basic equation for the e+s complex
Eznyme + substrate –> E+S complex –> E+product complex –> enzyme + product
What is a method that the enzyme may use to catalyse the reaction
A way that enzymes increase the speed of reactions is by reducing the activation energy for the reaction to take place
What is meant by the term denature
The term means that the shape of the enzymes has became deformed and will no longer go back to its original shape. the enzyme is useless.
What is meant by a slowly growing and then dropping graph in comparison to a high peak graph with fall offs either side
The steadily increasing graph is temperature. the rate of reaction increases as the temp increases as the molecules are moving around more due to the increase of kinetic energy meaning more successful collisions and then after optimim temp has been reached the enzymes will shake out of shape bonds will break and the structure will fail. Whereas the peaked curve is in relation to the pH of the solution if isnt at optimum there will be a decrease in rate leading to denaturing do the hydrogen ions.
What i q10 and how is it calculated
this is the temp coefficient and is calculated by the rate of reaction at (t+10)deg/rate of reaction at T
Key investigation Phosphatase enzyme
Phenolphtheilin phosphate (ppp) is broken down by phosphatase enzyme. When sodium carbonate is added the liberated phenolphthalein produced a deep-pink colour
How does the rate of pH affect the active site of an enzyme
the increases number of H+ ions interfere with the multiple ionic and hydrogen bonds causing the molecule to intern rip apart. Also negatively charged r groups will be afftected as they will be swarmed by the H+ and the charge will change affecting the formation of the E+S complexs
Substrate conc / enzyme conc
As the rate of substrates increase the number of successful collisions will increase as there are more substrates to collide with the active sites. However there is a certain number of substrates that can be added as at a point the reactions will become constant as there is a sufficient number of substrates in the area to collide all active sites will be occupied.
