Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monosaccharide ?
These are the most basic form of carbohydrates, they consists of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. they are in the formula of (CH20)n. The type of bonding is the glycosidc bond 1-4 carbon
What are the mian monosaccharides and what is the difference between them?
The main types are the alpha glucose and beta glucose the main difference is that the beta glucose has one of the ends flipped over. instead of H - OH its OH - H
Draw the structure of a monsaccharide
http://www.nutrientsreview.com/carbs/monosaccharides-glucose.html
What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose
Deoxyribose has one less sugar so the formula is C5-H10-O4 whereas the ribose is C5H10O4
What is a disacharide
A disacharide is the name of 2 joined monosaccharides using a condensation reaction and forming a glycosidic bond, this is broken by a hydrolysis reaction
What are the main disacs and how are the formed
alpha +alpha = maltose
alpha + fructose = sucrose
alpha + beta = lactose
beta + beta = cellulose
How can does the and what does the glucose molecule release during respiration.
Glucose is combined with oxygen to produce which releases ATP while forming CO2 and Water
The full equation is
Glucose + Oxygen –ATP Releases–> CO2 + H2O
Why is glycogen such a good energy source?
Include detailed description o each reason
The molecule is highly branched which is good for the high metabolic rate of the human body as multiple branches can be reacted with to be a source of energy 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
The molecule is insoluble due to the hidden hydroxyl group
The molecule can be stored very compact so multiple can be stored in the liver and muscles as they are frequently used there
Why is Cellulose so good for added strength
Due to the beta glucose molecules that form cellulose the beta glucose flipped OH and H group require each beta glucose to bond flipping each time preventing a helix shape. The cellulose molecule can also be supported by the multiple hydrogen bonds between each chain that links them all together preventing movement.
How does the structure help support a plant
The function of cellulose is to provide tensile strength to the plant and it does this with the use of its chain structure. So when the cells are less turgid the plants stem will not just snap.
Amylopectin
This is basically the plant version of glycogen, highly branched with the 1-4 and 1-6 and it is insoluble so that the osmotic state is not altered. Structure is chains of alpha glucose
Amylose
This is a non branched molecule so it can be stored in its helix shape much more easily and so it is therefore the preferred starch store for plants.Also insoluble.
