Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
Each enzyme is specific. This means it only catalyses one reaction, and only interacts with one substrate molecule.
Carbohydrase
The enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.
It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas.
It works in the mouth and small intestine
Lipase
Lipase is the enzyme that breaks down lipids.
It is produced in the pancreas and small intestine.
It works in the small intestine.
Protease
Protease is the enzyme that breaks down proteins
It is produced in the pancreas, stomach and small intestine.
It works in the stomach and small intestine.
Active site
The area of the enzyme that the substrate fits into to react. Each active site is specific shape to each substrate.
Denaturing
When an enzyme is denatured, it will no longer work and the damage is irreversible.
This happens when:
-The temperature gets too high
-The pH changes too much.
Factors that increase the rate of enzyme action:
- Enzymes work faster under high temperatures.
- Above 40 degrees, enzymes start becoming denatured and rate of reaction decreases.
- If there is a change in pH range, enzymes become denatured.
Rate of reaction =
Amount of product formed divided by time.
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or body.
It requires ATP energy from respiration and is controlled by enzymes.