Enzymes Flashcards
What is the equation for a tangent
Change in Y
_______________
Change in X
What is ACTIVATION ENERGY
the minimum amount of energy needed to activate a reaction
What is enzyme action
Many reactions require an initial amount of energy to start
Activation energy
Energy new work by lowering the activation energy, allowing the reactions to take place at a lower temperature
What is the induced fit model
Active site forms as the enzyme and substrate interact
The proximity of the substrate (change in the environment of the enzyme) leads to change in the enzyme that forms the functional active site
The enzyme is flexible
Enzyme had a certain general shape but it alters at the presence of a substrate
As it changes shape it puts a strain on the substrate, this diapers a particular bond in the substrate and then LOWERS the ACTIVATION ENERGY needed to break bond
Enzymes bind to a complementary to the substrate molecule and changes slightly
What are the properties of an enzyme
Relate to the tertiary structure of its active site and its ability to combine with complementary substrates to form an enzyme-substrate complex
The molecule on which the enzymes acts is called the substrate. It fits deeply into this depression. And forms an enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate molecule is held within the active site bonds that temporarily form between certain amino acids of the active site and groups on the substrate
What is the specificity of enzymes
The specific region of an enzyme that is functional is the ACTIVE SITE. This is made up of relatively small number of amino acids
The active site forms a small depression within much larger enzyme molecule
What are the factors that affects enzyme actions
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration
pH
Temperature
pH factor
Either side that increases and decreases :
- Denatures
- active sites changes
- hydrogen bonds break
- fewer enzyme-substrate complexes
- less substrate bind
Temperature factor
Increases:
- rate double
- increase rate of reaction
- increase KE
- increased collision
- increased enzyme-substrate complexes
- increase in more substrate fit into active site
Decreases:
-enzyme denatures and loses catalytic abilities
Competing inhibitors
Bonds to active site of enzyme
Have a molecular shape similar to a substrate
Compete with substrate for the availability of active site
Work by the difference between the concentration of the inhibitor and the concentration of the substrate, which determines the affect of the enzymes activity
SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION INCREASES, CONCENTRATIONS OF THE INHIBITORS DECREASES
inhibitor isn’t permanently bound to the active site so it reversible
Non-competitive inhibitors
Binds to the enzyme at a position other than the active site
Alters the shape of the enzyme so that the substrate molecule no longer fits into the active sites, so the enzyme can no longer function
Concentration of substrate doesn’t have an affect on the degree of the non-competitive inhibitors because the substrate and inhibitors aren’t competing for the active site and is NOT reversible
Enzyme catalyse a wide range of INTRACELLULAR & EXTRACELLULAR reactions because…….
It determines the structures and functions from cellular to while-grain organism level
What is a tangent
The fastest/steepest part of the line drawn straight line, both equal each side
