Enzymes

Question 1

Factors affecting rate of enzyme activity

Answer 1

Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
Inhibitors

Question 2

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 2

Build up
Small molecules to larger molecules

Question 3

Catabolic Reaction

Answer 3

Break down
Large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 4

Cofactor

Answer 4

Some enzymes require the addition of a non-protein substance before they can catalyse a reaction

Two types:

Activators
-Inorganic groups that permanently bond to enzyme

Coenzymes
-Organic molecules that bind temporarily to enzymes, transferring a chemical group necessary for that reaction

Question 5

Substrate concentration graph

Answer 5

Directly proportional until active site saturation (When all active sites are occupied)

Initial rate of reaction = gradient

Question 6

Induced fit vs lock and key

Answer 6

Lock and key:
-both enzymes and substrates are rigid structures that locked into each other very precisely

Induced fir
-The enzyme and its active site (and sometimes the substrate) can change shape slightly as the substrate molecule enters the enzyme

Question 7

What happens when an enzyme denatures

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonds that maintain tertiary structure are broken

Question 8

Enzyme Inhibitors

Answer 8

Substances that can interfere with enzyme activity

Question 9

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 9

Usually have a shape complementary to enzyme active site and a similar chemical structure to enzyme

Binds to active site and creates an enzyme inhibitor complex

Some are reversible because they bind with weak bonds (like hydrogen bonds)

Question 10

Non-Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 10

Do not compete with substrate

Binds to allosteric site which causes active site to become distorted so substrate no longer fits

Some are reversible because they can dissociate from allosteric site