Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Genetic Code

Answer 1

A set of rules or instructions that translate the information stored in DNA into functional products, primarily proteins

Degenerate:
-Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

Universal:
-Same for all living organisms

Non-overlapping
-Each base is only part of one codon

Question 2

Triplet / Codon

Answer 2

Sequence of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 3

Transcription

Answer 3

Production of mRNA using DNA

1) DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands

2) Free complementary RNA nucleotides move into place and form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on a template DNA strand

3) RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides

4) Once mRNA is synthesised, RNA polymerase detaches and DNA goes back to its normal structure

5) Moves out of nucleus through a nuclear pore

Question 4

Splicing

Answer 4

Large amounts of DNA are non-coding (introns)
pre-mRNA to mRNA is removing introns

Introns reduce effect of mutations