2 - mitosis / cell cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of Cell Cycle

A

interphase

nuclear division (mitosis)

cell division (cytokinesis)

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2
Q

Interphase

A

G1 phase
-increase in protein content
-number of organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes increase and they grow in size

S-phase
-DNA is replicated

G2 phase
-ATP is produced, DNA checked for errors

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3
Q

Binary Fission

A

the circular DNA and plasmids replicate

the cytoplasm replicates to produce two daughter cells.

Each of these cells has a single copy of the circular DNA but the number of plasmids may vary

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4
Q

Mutagens

A

physical or chemical agents that increase the frequency of mutations

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5
Q

Mutation

A

change in the base sequence of DNA during replication

Examples:
Base deletion and base substitution

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6
Q

Formation of Tumour

A

Rate of cell division is controlled by:
-proto-oncogenes (stimulate cell division)
-tumour suppressor genes (slow cell division)

Mutated proto-oncogene (oncogone) stimulates cells to divide uncontrollably

mutated tumour suppressor gene is inactivated

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7
Q

Malignant vs Benign Tumour

A

Benign
-Does not spread from original site

Malignant
-spread through the body, invading and destroying other tissues
-interfere with the normal functioning of the organ / tissue in which they have started to grow (eg. they may block the intestines, lungs or blood vessels

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