DNA

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

4 base pairs

Answer 2

Adenine
Thymine (Uracil)

Cytosine
Guanine

Adenine and Thymine (Uracil) are purines (double ring)
Cytosine and Guanine are pyrimidines (single ring)

Question 3

Nucleic Acid

Answer 3

Nucleic acids are long chains (polymers) made up of many nucleotide monomers joined together by phosphodiester bonds.

Each nucleotide is made up of:
-Pentose sugar (either deoxyribose or ribose),
-Nitrogenous base (guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine or uracil)
-Phosphate

Question 4

Formation of polynucleotide

Answer 4

Between phosphate group of one nucleotide and sugar of another

Condensation reaction

Phosphodiester bond

Question 5

Bonds between bases

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonds

G and C (triple hydrogen bond)
A + T (double hydrogen bond)

Question 6

DNA Replication

Answer 6

Enzyme helicase breaks hydrogen bond between bases and separates the 2 polynucleotide strands with unzipping action

Free nucleotides line up with complementary base pairs and hydrogen bonds form with bases

Polymerase attaches nucleotides together (joining the phosphate group)

Question 7

DNA in Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic

Answer 7

Eukaryotic
-Nucleus
-Associated with histones
-Linear
-Longer
-No plasmids

Prokaryotes
-Not in nucleus
-Not associated with histones
-Circular
-Shorter
-Plasmids

DNA in chloroplasts and mictochondria similar to DNA in prokaryotes

Question 8

Advantages of DNA being double stranded

Answer 8

Replication
Stability
Protect the bases

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Made up of chromatin which is a tightly coiled combination of proteins and DNA

Question 10

Genome

Answer 10

Complete set of genetic material in an organism

Question 11

Proteome

Answer 11

Complete set of proteins that can be expressed by a genome at a certain time