Enzymes Flashcards
What conditions changes how well an enzyme works?
Temperature
PH
What do enzymes do?
They control cell reactions
What do you have to be careful with when raising the temperature on the enzyme?
It can cause the cell to become damaged
What act as biological catalysts?
Enzymes
What is a catalyst?
Catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction itself
Every different biological reaction has the same enzyme designed for it, is this true or false?
False, each enzyme is different to each biological reaction
What is the substrate?
The substrate is the molecule made in the reaction
What is an active site?
The active site is the part where it joins onto its substrate to catalyse the reaction
Enzymes usually only work with one substrate , is this true or false
True
Explain why?
For the enzyme to work the substrate has to fit into the active site. if the substrate shape doesn’t match the active site Shape the reaction won’t be catalysed, this is called the lock and key mechanism because the substrate fits into the enzyme just like a key fits into a lock
What Is the optimum temperature
Where The enzyme is most active
Why does heat make the enzyme work faster
Heat means enzymes and the substrate particles have more energy
What happens when you use low temperatures
It has an opposite effect, there is a lower collision rate and so a slower reaction
What makes the active site change shape?
Heat, meaning it’s substrate shape won’t be able to fit
What happens when active site changes shape
Enzyme cannot function properly
What is it called when the active site changes shape and the enzyme becomes un functional
Denatured and it becomes irreversible
It is the optimum temperature of the most human enzymes
37°c
Why does each enzyme have a different optimum temperature
Because each enzyme is different and has a different function
How does the pH level of the enzyme effect it
If the pH is too high or too low it interferes with the bonds holding the enzyme together. this changes the shape of the active site and denatures the enzyme.
What is the equation for Q10
Rate at higher temperature
——————————-=Q10
Rate at lower temperature
What does Q10 show?
It shows how the rate of reaction changes with temperature
Explain the process of the ‘lock and key theory’?
The substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme and substrate then collide causing the bonds to be broken and the new product to be made. The enzyme is unchanged at the end of the reaction.
When does the enzyme have a higher collision rate?
When it’s at a high temperature
