enzymes Flashcards
metabolic pathways
series of chemical reactions that build or break down complex molecules
what are the two types of metabolic pathways?
catabolic: release energy by breaking down molecules
anabolic: pathways that consume energy to build molecules
what are the four types of energy?
kinetic
thermal: energy associated with movements of molecules
potential
chemical: PE available for release in a chemical reaction
laws of thermodynamics
1st: energy cannot be created/destroyed
2nd: entropy of universe is always trying to increase
exergonic (exothermic)
spontaneous
releases E
products have less energy than reactants (G<0)
endergonic (endothermic)
not spontaneous
absorbs energy
products have more E than reactants
what are the 3 types of work that cells perform?
mechanical: allows cell to move
transport: pump substances across membrane against spontaneous movement
chemical: building/breaking of molecules
what is phosphorylation?
a released phosphate moves to another molecule by a kinase enzyme
induced fit
enzymes will change shape of their active site so substrate can bind better
what factors effect enzymes?
temp
pH
chemicals
what are cofactors and coenzymes
cofactors: inorganic, assist enzyme function
coenzymes: organic cofactors
what are the 2 types of enzyme inhibitors?
permanent: inhibihor binds with covalent bonds
reversible: inhibitors binds with weak interactions
competitive vs non competitive inhibitors
competitive: blocks substrates from binding to active site
non competitive: binds to an area other than the active site and changes the shape of the active site
what type of sites do allosteric enzymes have?
1 active site
1 allosteric (regulatory site)
allosteric activator vs allosteric inhibitor
activator: keeps active sites open
inhibitor: closes active sites
