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BIO 024 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nomenclature of the enzymes?

A
  • Recommended name
  • systematic name
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2
Q

Most commonly used enzyme names have the suffix that is attached to the substrate of the reaction

A

“-ase”

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3
Q

In the systematic naming system enzymes are divided into six major classes. What are these classes?

A
  • oxidoreductase
  • transferase
  • hydrolase
  • lyase
  • isomerase
  • ligase
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4
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A

Oxidoreductase

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5
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group

A

Transferase

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6
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break

A

Hydrolase

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7
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond

A

Lyase

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8
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization

A

Isomerase

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9
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding together of two molecules into one with the participation of ATP

A

Ligase

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10
Q

What is the meaning of “en” in enzymes?

A

“in”

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11
Q

What is the meaning of zyme in an enzyme?

A

yeast

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12
Q

Are protein catalysts that increase the velocity of a chemical reaction and are not consumed during the reaction

A

Enzymes

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13
Q

RNA’s with catalytic activity are called?

A

Ribozymes

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14
Q

Enzyme molecules contain a special pocket or cleft called?

A

Active site

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15
Q

Is the reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction

A

Substrate

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16
Q

Is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

A

Active site

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17
Q

Is the intermediate reaction species that is formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme?

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

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18
Q

What are the two types of esc or models of enzyme activity?

A
  • Lock and key model
  • induced fit model
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19
Q

The active site in the enzyme where it has a fixed rigid geometrical confirmation?

A substrate whose shape and chemical nature are complementary

A

Lock and key model

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20
Q

This is the simplest type and a product of enzyme specificity

A

Lock and key model

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21
Q

Allows for small changes in the shape or geometry of the active site of an enzyme to accommodate a substrate

The enzyme active site although not exactly complementary in shape

A

Induced fit model

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22
Q

This is a result of the enzymes flexibility?

A

Induced fit model

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23
Q

The number of molecules of substrate converted to product per enzyme molecule per second is called the?

A

Turnover number

24
Q

What are the four types of specificity?

A
  • Absolute
  • Group
  • Linkage
  • Stereochemical
25
This is a type of specificity where it's an enzyme will catalyze only one reaction
Absolute
26
The type of specificity where an enzyme will act only on molecules that have a specific functional group
Group
27
Is a type of specificity where it's an enzyme will act on a particular type of chemical bond
Linkage
28
Is a type of specificity where it is an enzyme that will act on a particular stereoisomer
Stereochemical
29
Virtually all chemical reactions have an energy barrier separating the reactants and the products,. This barrier is called?
Free energy of activation
30
A conjugated enzyme in which copper is present and is a browning reaction is caused by?
Phenolase
31
Is a result of the enzymes flexibility
Induced-fit model
32
Is a result of the enzymes specificity
Lock-and-key model
33
Is a microorganism that thrives in extreme environments
Extremophile
34
Is a microbial enzyme active at conditions that would inactive human enzyme
Extremozyme
35
Explain the enzyme and the substrate interaction
Enzyme + substrate Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme-product complex Enzyme + product
36
Is an enzyme composed only of protein not bound to any non-proteins
Simple enzyme
37
Is an enzyme that has a non protein part
Conjugated enzyme
38
Is a protein part of a conjugated enzyme or holaenzyme and is an enzyme lacking an essential cofactor
Apoenzyme
39
Is a non protein part of a conjugated enzyme or holoenzyme
Cofactor
40
Tightly bound cofactor to the apoenzyme
Prosthetic group
41
- Is the biochemically active conjugated enzyme - intact and functional enzyme
Holoenzyme
42
Is a small organic molecule that serves as a cofactor in a conjugated enzyme
Coenzyme cosubstrate
43
An inorganic cofactor
Activator
44
- Is the reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction - A biomolecule that enzymes react with
Substrate
45
The biomolecules formed by enzyme mediated reactions
Product
46
Enzymes that require a metal ion cofactor
Metal-activated enzymes
47
Enzymes that contain tightly bound metal ions
Metalloenzymes
48
Optimal growth at ph levels of 3.0 or below
Acidophiles
49
Optimal growth at ph levels of 9.0 or above
Alkaliphiles
50
A salinity that exceeds 0.2 m NACL needed for growth
Halophiles
51
A temperature between 80° c and 122° c needed to thrive
Hypothermophiles
52
A temperature of 15 degrees celsius or lower needed for growth
Cryophiles
53
A high hydrostatic pressure needed for growth
Piezophiles
54
Commonly called as " H. pylori" is a bacterium that can function in the highly acidic environment of the stomach
Helicobacter pylori
55
98% of ingested lipids are?
Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

BIO 024 (5 decks)

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