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BIO 024 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the nomenclature of the enzymes?

A
  • Recommended name
  • systematic name
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2
Q

Most commonly used enzyme names have the suffix that is attached to the substrate of the reaction

A

“-ase”

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3
Q

In the systematic naming system enzymes are divided into six major classes. What are these classes?

A
  • oxidoreductase
  • transferase
  • hydrolase
  • lyase
  • isomerase
  • ligase
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4
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A

Oxidoreductase

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5
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group

A

Transferase

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6
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break

A

Hydrolase

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7
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond

A

Lyase

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8
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization

A

Isomerase

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9
Q

Is an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding together of two molecules into one with the participation of ATP

A

Ligase

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10
Q

What is the meaning of “en” in enzymes?

A

“in”

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11
Q

What is the meaning of zyme in an enzyme?

A

yeast

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12
Q

Are protein catalysts that increase the velocity of a chemical reaction and are not consumed during the reaction

A

Enzymes

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13
Q

RNA’s with catalytic activity are called?

A

Ribozymes

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14
Q

Enzyme molecules contain a special pocket or cleft called?

A

Active site

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15
Q

Is the reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction

A

Substrate

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16
Q

Is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

A

Active site

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17
Q

Is the intermediate reaction species that is formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme?

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

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18
Q

What are the two types of esc or models of enzyme activity?

A
  • Lock and key model
  • induced fit model
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19
Q

The active site in the enzyme where it has a fixed rigid geometrical confirmation?

A substrate whose shape and chemical nature are complementary

A

Lock and key model

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20
Q

This is the simplest type and a product of enzyme specificity

A

Lock and key model

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21
Q

Allows for small changes in the shape or geometry of the active site of an enzyme to accommodate a substrate

The enzyme active site although not exactly complementary in shape

A

Induced fit model

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22
Q

This is a result of the enzymes flexibility?

A

Induced fit model

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23
Q

The number of molecules of substrate converted to product per enzyme molecule per second is called the?

A

Turnover number

24
Q

What are the four types of specificity?

A
  • Absolute
  • Group
  • Linkage
  • Stereochemical
25
Q

This is a type of specificity where it’s an enzyme will catalyze only one reaction

A

Absolute

26
Q

The type of specificity where an enzyme will act only on molecules that have a specific functional group

A

Group

27
Q

Is a type of specificity where it’s an enzyme will act on a particular type of chemical bond

A

Linkage

28
Q

Is a type of specificity where it is an enzyme that will act on a particular stereoisomer

A

Stereochemical

29
Q

Virtually all chemical reactions have an energy barrier separating the reactants and the products,. This barrier is called?

A

Free energy of activation

30
Q

A conjugated enzyme in which copper is present and is a browning reaction is caused by?

A

Phenolase

31
Q

Is a result of the enzymes flexibility

A

Induced-fit model

32
Q

Is a result of the enzymes specificity

A

Lock-and-key model

33
Q

Is a microorganism that thrives in extreme environments

A

Extremophile

34
Q

Is a microbial enzyme active at conditions that would inactive human enzyme

A

Extremozyme

35
Q

Explain the enzyme and the substrate interaction

A

Enzyme + substrate
Enzyme-substrate complex
Enzyme-product complex
Enzyme + product

36
Q

Is an enzyme composed only of protein not bound to any non-proteins

A

Simple enzyme

37
Q

Is an enzyme that has a non protein part

A

Conjugated enzyme

38
Q

Is a protein part of a conjugated enzyme or holaenzyme and is an enzyme lacking an essential cofactor

A

Apoenzyme

39
Q

Is a non protein part of a conjugated enzyme or holoenzyme

A

Cofactor

40
Q

Tightly bound cofactor to the apoenzyme

A

Prosthetic group

41
Q
  • Is the biochemically active conjugated enzyme
  • intact and functional enzyme
A

Holoenzyme

42
Q

Is a small organic molecule that serves as a cofactor in a conjugated enzyme

A

Coenzyme cosubstrate

43
Q

An inorganic cofactor

A

Activator

44
Q
  • Is the reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction
  • A biomolecule that enzymes react with
A

Substrate

45
Q

The biomolecules formed by enzyme mediated reactions

A

Product

46
Q

Enzymes that require a metal ion cofactor

A

Metal-activated enzymes

47
Q

Enzymes that contain tightly bound metal ions

A

Metalloenzymes

48
Q

Optimal growth at ph levels of 3.0 or below

A

Acidophiles

49
Q

Optimal growth at ph levels of 9.0 or above

A

Alkaliphiles

50
Q

A salinity that exceeds 0.2 m NACL needed for growth

A

Halophiles

51
Q

A temperature between 80° c and 122° c needed to thrive

A

Hypothermophiles

52
Q

A temperature of 15 degrees celsius or lower needed for growth

A

Cryophiles

53
Q

A high hydrostatic pressure needed for growth

A

Piezophiles

54
Q

Commonly called as “ H. pylori” is a bacterium that can function in the highly acidic environment of the stomach

A

Helicobacter pylori

55
Q

98% of ingested lipids are?

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

BIO 024 (5 decks)

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