Carbohydrates

Question 1

Are the most abundant class of bioorganic molecules on planet Earth.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

In the form of cellulose carbohydrates served as what?

Answer 2

Structutal Element

Question 3

In the form of starch, carbohydrates?

Answer 3

provide energy reserves for the plant

Question 4

Is a polyhydroxy aldehyde, a polyhydroxy ketone, or a compound that yields polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones upon hydrolysis.

Answer 4

Carbohydrate (Cn(H2O)n)

Question 5

What are the classifications of carbohydrates

Answer 5

Monosacaride
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide

Question 6

Are images that coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other

Answer 6

Superimposable mirror images

Question 7

Are images where not all points coincide when the images are laid upon each other

Answer 7

Non-superimposable mirror images

Question 8

Is an atom in a molecule that has four different groups bonded into a tetrahedral orientation

Answer 8

Chiral center

Question 9

Is a molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable

Answer 9

Chiral molecule

Question 10

Is a molecule whose mirror images are superimposable

Answer 10

Achiral molecule

Question 11

Which of the molecule of chirality do not possess handedness?

Answer 11

Achiral molecule

Question 12

Which one do possess handedness?

Answer 12

Chiral molecules

Question 13

The simplest type of carbohydrates in the building block for more complex type of carbohydrates

Answer 13

Monosaccharides

Question 14

Are isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but differ in the orientation of atoms in space

Answer 14

Stereoisomers

Question 15

Stereoisomers can be subdivided into two types, what are these?

Answer 15

Enantiomers
Diastereomers

Question 16

What is the meaning of “entantios”?

Answer 16

Opposite

Question 17

Are stereoisomers whose molecules are non superimposable mirror images

Answer 17

Enantiomers

Question 18

Are stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images

Answer 18

Diastereomers

Question 19

Cis-trans isomers are?

Answer 19

Diastereomers

Question 20

If the molecules have the same molecular formula, they are?

Answer 20

Isomers

Question 21

If the atoms bonded in the same order in two molecules, they are?

Answer 21

Stereoisomers

Question 22

If the atoms are NOT bonded in the same order in the two molecules, they are?

Answer 22

Constitutional isomers

Question 23

Is a compound that rotates the plane of polarized light?

Answer 23

Optically active compound

Question 24

Is a chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarized light in a clockwise direction

Answer 24

Dextrorotatory compound

Question 25

The latin "dextro" means?

Answer 25

Right

Question 26

Is a chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarized light in a counterclockwise?

Answer 26

Levorotatory compound

Question 27

Is a two dimensional structural notation for showing the spatial arrangement of groups about chiral centers in molecules

Answer 27

Fischer projection formula

Question 28

If the -OH is in the right then it is a?

Answer 28

D-isomer

Question 29

If the -OH is in the left then it is a?

Answer 29

L-isomer

Question 30

Are enantiomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral center?

Answer 30

Epimers

Question 31

What are the three four five and six carbon monosacaride atoms called?

Answer 31

Triose Tetrose Pentose Hexose

Question 32

Is a monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde functional group

Answer 32

Aldose

Question 33

Is a monosaccharide that contains a ketone functional group

Answer 33

Ketose

Question 34

Monosaccharides are often called as?

Answer 34

Sugars

Question 35

True or false. Sugar is a general designation for either a monosaccharide or a disaccharide?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Saccharide from latin "saccharum" means

Answer 36

Sugar

Question 37

Is a two dimensional structural notation that specifies the three dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide

Answer 37

Haworth projection formula

Question 38

The resulting cyclic compounds are cyclic, what?

Answer 38

Hemiacetals

Question 39

A cyclic monosaccharide containing a six atom ring is called?

Answer 39

Pyranose

Question 40

One containing a five atom ring is called?

Answer 40

Furanose

Question 41

Is the hemiacetal carbon atom present in a cyclic monosaccharide structure

Answer 41

Anomeric carbon atom

Question 42

Are cyclic monosaccharides that differ only in the positions of the substituents on the a anomeric carbon atom

Answer 42

Anomers

Question 43

What are the acidic sugars

Answer 43

Aldonic acid alduronic acid aldaric acid

Question 44

Is an acid group that is on top and it uses weak oxidizing agent

Answer 44

Aldonic acid

Question 45

Is an acid group that is on bottom and it uses enzymes

Answer 45

Alduronic acid

Question 46

Is an acid groupn that is on both top and bottom. It uses strong oxidizing agent

Answer 46

Aldaric acid

Question 47

Is an acetyl formed from a cyclic monosaccharide by replacement of the hemiacetal carbon -OH group within -OR group. It exists both and alpha and beta form.

Answer 47

Glycoside

Question 48

The bond that links the two monosaccharides of a disaccharide together. The bond in a disaccharide resulting from the reaction between the hemiacetyl carbon atom -OH group of one monosaccharide in an -OH group on the other monosaccharide

Answer 48

Glycosidic linkage

Question 49

Polysaccharides are often also called as what?

Answer 49

Glycans

Question 50

True or false Unlike monosaccharides and most disaccharides polysaccharides are not sweet.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

What are the types of polysaccharides?

Answer 51

Storage polysaccharide Structural polysaccharide Acidic polysaccharide

Question 52

Energy storage polysaccharide in plants

Answer 52

Starch

Question 53

Energy storage polysaccharide for animals aka animal starch

Answer 53

Glycogen

Question 54

- Is a structural component of plant cell walls - Is the most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide - The woody portions of plants - Contains 5,000 glucose units - Non-digestible

Answer 54

Cellulose

Question 55

- The second most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide - Function is to give rigidity - Been found in the cell walls of fungi - Structurally identical to cellulose - ND-glucosamine, product of hydrolysis of chitin, that is marketed as a dietary supplement

Answer 55

Chitin

Question 56

Are also associated with the jelly like consistency of the vitreous humor of the eye

Answer 56

Hyaluronic acid

Question 57

The greek word hyalos means?

Answer 57

Glass

Question 58

- Is a blood anticoagulant - It prevents the formation of clots in the blood and - Source for pharmaceutical heparin is intestinal or lung tissue of slaughterhouse animals

Answer 58

Heparin

Question 59

Nucleic acids, beta-d-ribose, beta-d-deoxyribose, and ATP

Answer 59

D-Ribose

Question 60

Formed in metabolic processes

Answer 60

D-Ribulose

Question 61

Gum Arabic. Plum and cherry gums

Answer 61

D-Arabinose

Question 62

Wood, gums, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans

Answer 62

D-Xylose

Question 63

Heart cells/muscle

Answer 63

D-Lyxose

Question 64

Intermediate in ironic acid pathway

Answer 64

L-Xylulose

Question 65

Another name for D-Ribose

Answer 65

DNA & RNA sugar

Question 66

aka wood sugar

Answer 66

D-Xylose

Question 67

A constituent of a lyxoflavin isolated from human heart

Answer 67

D-Lyxose

Question 68

Two Constituent of glycoproteins

Answer 68

D-Xylose and D-Arabinose

Question 69

Is an intermediate in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

Answer 69

Ribulose phosphate

Question 70

What are D-glucose?

Answer 70

Grape sugar Dextrose Blood sugar

Question 71

What is the source of D-Glucose?

Answer 71

Fruit juices