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BIO 024 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Are the most abundant class of bioorganic molecules on planet Earth.

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

In the form of cellulose carbohydrates served as what?

A

Structutal Element

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3
Q

In the form of starch, carbohydrates?

A

provide energy reserves for the plant

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4
Q

Is a polyhydroxy aldehyde, a polyhydroxy ketone, or a compound that yields polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones upon hydrolysis.

A

Carbohydrate (Cn(H2O)n)

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5
Q

What are the classifications of carbohydrates

A

Monosacaride
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide

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6
Q

Are images that coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other

A

Superimposable mirror images

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7
Q

Are images where not all points coincide when the images are laid upon each other

A

Non-superimposable mirror images

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8
Q

Is an atom in a molecule that has four different groups bonded into a tetrahedral orientation

A

Chiral center

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9
Q

Is a molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable

A

Chiral molecule

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10
Q

Is a molecule whose mirror images are superimposable

A

Achiral molecule

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11
Q

Which of the molecule of chirality do not possess handedness?

A

Achiral molecule

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12
Q

Which one do possess handedness?

A

Chiral molecules

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13
Q

The simplest type of carbohydrates in the building block for more complex type of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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14
Q

Are isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but differ in the orientation of atoms in space

A

Stereoisomers

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15
Q

Stereoisomers can be subdivided into two types, what are these?

A

Enantiomers
Diastereomers

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16
Q

What is the meaning of “entantios”?

A

Opposite

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17
Q

Are stereoisomers whose molecules are non superimposable mirror images

A

Enantiomers

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18
Q

Are stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images

A

Diastereomers

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19
Q

Cis-trans isomers are?

A

Diastereomers

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20
Q

If the molecules have the same molecular formula, they are?

A

Isomers

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21
Q

If the atoms bonded in the same order in two molecules, they are?

A

Stereoisomers

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22
Q

If the atoms are NOT bonded in the same order in the two molecules, they are?

A

Constitutional isomers

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23
Q

Is a compound that rotates the plane of polarized light?

A

Optically active compound

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24
Q

Is a chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarized light in a clockwise direction

A

Dextrorotatory compound

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25
Q

The latin “dextro” means?

A

Right

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26
Q

Is a chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarized light in a counterclockwise?

A

Levorotatory compound

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27
Q

Is a two dimensional structural notation for showing the spatial arrangement of groups about chiral centers in molecules

A

Fischer projection formula

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28
Q

If the -OH is in the right then it is a?

A

D-isomer

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29
Q

If the -OH is in the left then it is a?

A

L-isomer

30
Q

Are enantiomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral center?

A

Epimers

31
Q

What are the three four five and six carbon monosacaride atoms called?

A

Triose
Tetrose
Pentose
Hexose

32
Q

Is a monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde functional group

A

Aldose

33
Q

Is a monosaccharide that contains a ketone functional group

A

Ketose

34
Q

Monosaccharides are often called as?

A

Sugars

35
Q

True or false.

Sugar is a general designation for either a monosaccharide or a disaccharide?

A

True

36
Q

Saccharide from latin “saccharum” means

A

Sugar

37
Q

Is a two dimensional structural notation that specifies the three dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide

A

Haworth projection formula

38
Q

The resulting cyclic compounds are cyclic, what?

A

Hemiacetals

39
Q

A cyclic monosaccharide containing a six atom ring is called?

A

Pyranose

40
Q

One containing a five atom ring is called?

A

Furanose

41
Q

Is the hemiacetal carbon atom present in a cyclic monosaccharide structure

A

Anomeric carbon atom

42
Q

Are cyclic monosaccharides that differ only in the positions of the substituents on the a anomeric carbon atom

A

Anomers

43
Q

What are the acidic sugars

A

Aldonic acid
alduronic acid
aldaric acid

44
Q

Is an acid group that is on top and it uses weak oxidizing agent

A

Aldonic acid

45
Q

Is an acid group that is on bottom and it uses enzymes

A

Alduronic acid

46
Q

Is an acid groupn that is on both top and bottom. It uses strong oxidizing agent

A

Aldaric acid

47
Q

Is an acetyl formed from a cyclic monosaccharide by replacement of the hemiacetal carbon -OH group within -OR group. It exists both and alpha and beta form.

A

Glycoside

48
Q

The bond that links the two monosaccharides of a disaccharide together.

The bond in a disaccharide resulting from the reaction between the hemiacetyl carbon atom -OH group of one monosaccharide in an -OH group on the other monosaccharide

A

Glycosidic linkage

49
Q

Polysaccharides are often also called as what?

A

Glycans

50
Q

True or false
Unlike monosaccharides and most disaccharides polysaccharides are not sweet.

A

True

51
Q

What are the types of polysaccharides?

A

Storage polysaccharide
Structural polysaccharide
Acidic polysaccharide

52
Q

Energy storage polysaccharide in plants

A

Starch

53
Q

Energy storage polysaccharide for animals aka animal starch

A

Glycogen

54
Q
  • Is a structural component of plant cell walls
  • Is the most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide
  • The woody portions of plants
  • Contains 5,000 glucose units
  • Non-digestible
A

Cellulose

55
Q
  • The second most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide
  • Function is to give rigidity
  • Been found in the cell walls of fungi
  • Structurally identical to cellulose
  • ND-glucosamine, product of hydrolysis of chitin, that is marketed as a dietary supplement
A

Chitin

56
Q

Are also associated with the jelly like consistency of the vitreous humor of the eye

A

Hyaluronic acid

57
Q

The greek word hyalos means?

A

Glass

58
Q
  • Is a blood anticoagulant
  • It prevents the formation of clots in the blood and
  • Source for pharmaceutical heparin is intestinal or lung tissue of slaughterhouse animals
A

Heparin

59
Q

Nucleic acids, beta-d-ribose, beta-d-deoxyribose, and ATP

A

D-Ribose

60
Q

Formed in metabolic processes

A

D-Ribulose

61
Q

Gum Arabic. Plum and cherry gums

A

D-Arabinose

62
Q

Wood, gums, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans

A

D-Xylose

63
Q

Heart cells/muscle

A

D-Lyxose

64
Q

Intermediate in ironic acid pathway

A

L-Xylulose

65
Q

Another name for D-Ribose

A

DNA & RNA sugar

66
Q

aka wood sugar

A

D-Xylose

67
Q

A constituent of a lyxoflavin isolated from human heart

A

D-Lyxose

68
Q

Two Constituent of glycoproteins

A

D-Xylose and D-Arabinose

69
Q

Is an intermediate in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

A

Ribulose phosphate

70
Q

What are D-glucose?

A

Grape sugar
Dextrose
Blood sugar

71
Q

What is the source of D-Glucose?

A

Fruit juices

BIO 024 (5 decks)

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