Enzymes Flashcards
What are Enzymes?
Biological catalysts
What do enzymes do?
Increase the rate of a reaction by lowering activation energy.
What are 4 types of reactions that enzymes affect?
Catabolic, anabolic, intracellular and extracellular.
What is the active site?
Area of an enzyme where the substrate binds to.
Explain the lock and key model
Enzymes active sites are specific to the substrates that they bind to.
Explain the induced fit model.
Enzymes and substrate form a complex.
Enzymes structure is distorted.
Active site can fit around substrate.
What factors can affect the rate of enzyme controlled reactions?
Concentration of enzymes
Concentration of Substrate
Temperature
pH
Explain affect of enzyme concentration on the rate of a reaction.
Rate of reaction increases as enzyme conc increases. (More active sites to bind to).
Limiting factor where the conc doesn’t have any effect on rate of reaction.
Explain the affect of substrate concentration on the rate of a reaction.
As substrate conc increases, rate of reaction increases. Limiting factor.
Explain the affect of temperature on the rate of a reaction.
Rate of reaction increases up to optimum temp. Decreases beyond optimum temp. Enzymes denature.
Explain the affect of pH on the rate of a reaction.
Enzymes work in specific pH value range. Vales above or below alter structure and shape if active site.
What are 2 enzyme co-factors?
activators and co-enzymes
Describe activators
Inorganic group that bind to the enzyme permanently. Can’t be released.
Describe co-enzymes
Organic group that binds to the enzyme temporarily.
