DNA (Transcription And Translation)

Question 1

What are 3 groups are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 1

Base, pentose sugar and phosphate

Question 2

What two types of bonds do mRNA, tRNA, and DNA all have?

Answer 2

Phosphodiester bonds and Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What bases do DNA have?

Answer 3

A, T, C, G

Question 4

What bases do tRNA have?

Answer 4

A, U, C, G

Question 5

What bases do mRNA have?

Answer 5

A, U, C, G

Question 6

Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Answer 6

Between bases and another strand.

Question 7

Where are the Hydrogen bonds in MRNA?

Answer 7

Between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anti-codon

Question 8

Where are the Hydrogen bonds in tRNA?

Answer 8

Between bases within strands.

Question 9

Describe DNA

Answer 9

Double helix
Larger
Strands are made of nucleotides

Question 10

Describe tRNA

Answer 10

Single stranded
Has a specific amino acid binding site
And specific pattern held together by H bonds
Carries anticodons

Question 11

Describe mRNA

Answer 11

Single stranded
Shorter
Carries codons

Question 12

What are the two processes within protein synthesis?

Answer 12

Transcription and Translation

Question 13

What is the reason for Transcription?

Answer 13

To make mRNA molecules

Question 14

What is step 1 of transcription?

Answer 14

H bonds between bases break.
DNA uncoils.
The 2 strands are seperated.

Question 15

What is step 2 of Transcription?

Answer 15

1 DNA strand is used as a template (called the antisense strand) to make mRNA.

Question 16

What is step 3 of Transcription?

Answer 16

Free nucleotides line up by the complementary base pairings.
They are joined by phosphodiester bonds.
This makes mRNA.

Question 17

What is step 4 (final step) of Transcription?

Answer 17

mRNA leaves the nucleus through a pore.
Travels and attaches to a ribosome.

Question 18

What is step 1 of Translation?

Answer 18

The mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
tRNA binds to amino acids from cytoplasm (has a specific amino acid binding site).
This process is called activation.

Question 19

What is step 2 of Translation?

Answer 19

tRNA anticodons bind to mRNA codons with Hydrogen bonds.

Question 20

What is step 3 (final step) of Translation?

Answer 20

The ribosome and tRNA molecules bind together with peptide bonds.
tRNA molecules then detach.