DNA (Transcription And Translation) Flashcards
What are 3 groups are nucleotides made up of?
Base, pentose sugar and phosphate
What two types of bonds do mRNA, tRNA, and DNA all have?
Phosphodiester bonds and Hydrogen bonds
What bases do DNA have?
A, T, C, G
What bases do tRNA have?
A, U, C, G
What bases do mRNA have?
A, U, C, G
Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA?
Between bases and another strand.
Where are the Hydrogen bonds in MRNA?
Between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anti-codon
Where are the Hydrogen bonds in tRNA?
Between bases within strands.
Describe DNA
Double helix
Larger
Strands are made of nucleotides
Describe tRNA
Single stranded
Has a specific amino acid binding site
And specific pattern held together by H bonds
Carries anticodons
Describe mRNA
Single stranded
Shorter
Carries codons
What are the two processes within protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
What is the reason for Transcription?
To make mRNA molecules
What is step 1 of transcription?
H bonds between bases break.
DNA uncoils.
The 2 strands are seperated.
What is step 2 of Transcription?
1 DNA strand is used as a template (called the antisense strand) to make mRNA.
What is step 3 of Transcription?
Free nucleotides line up by the complementary base pairings.
They are joined by phosphodiester bonds.
This makes mRNA.
What is step 4 (final step) of Transcription?
mRNA leaves the nucleus through a pore.
Travels and attaches to a ribosome.
What is step 1 of Translation?
The mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
tRNA binds to amino acids from cytoplasm (has a specific amino acid binding site).
This process is called activation.
What is step 2 of Translation?
tRNA anticodons bind to mRNA codons with Hydrogen bonds.
What is step 3 (final step) of Translation?
The ribosome and tRNA molecules bind together with peptide bonds.
tRNA molecules then detach.
