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Biology ALS > DNA (Transcription And Translation) > Flashcards

DNA (Transcription And Translation) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 3 groups are nucleotides made up of?

A

Base, pentose sugar and phosphate

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2
Q

What two types of bonds do mRNA, tRNA, and DNA all have?

A

Phosphodiester bonds and Hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

What bases do DNA have?

A

A, T, C, G

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4
Q

What bases do tRNA have?

A

A, U, C, G

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5
Q

What bases do mRNA have?

A

A, U, C, G

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6
Q

Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA?

A

Between bases and another strand.

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7
Q

Where are the Hydrogen bonds in MRNA?

A

Between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anti-codon

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8
Q

Where are the Hydrogen bonds in tRNA?

A

Between bases within strands.

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9
Q

Describe DNA

A

Double helix
Larger
Strands are made of nucleotides

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10
Q

Describe tRNA

A

Single stranded
Has a specific amino acid binding site
And specific pattern held together by H bonds
Carries anticodons

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11
Q

Describe mRNA

A

Single stranded
Shorter
Carries codons

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12
Q

What are the two processes within protein synthesis?

A

Transcription and Translation

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13
Q

What is the reason for Transcription?

A

To make mRNA molecules

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14
Q

What is step 1 of transcription?

A

H bonds between bases break.
DNA uncoils.
The 2 strands are seperated.

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15
Q

What is step 2 of Transcription?

A

1 DNA strand is used as a template (called the antisense strand) to make mRNA.

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16
Q

What is step 3 of Transcription?

A

Free nucleotides line up by the complementary base pairings.
They are joined by phosphodiester bonds.
This makes mRNA.

17
Q

What is step 4 (final step) of Transcription?

A

mRNA leaves the nucleus through a pore.
Travels and attaches to a ribosome.

18
Q

What is step 1 of Translation?

A

The mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
tRNA binds to amino acids from cytoplasm (has a specific amino acid binding site).
This process is called activation.

19
Q

What is step 2 of Translation?

A

tRNA anticodons bind to mRNA codons with Hydrogen bonds.

20
Q

What is step 3 (final step) of Translation?

A

The ribosome and tRNA molecules bind together with peptide bonds.
tRNA molecules then detach.

Biology ALS (6 decks)

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