enzymes

Question 1

factors affecting enzymes

Answer 1

ph

substrate and enzyme concentration

enzyme inhibition

temperature

Question 2

ph

Answer 2

too high/low

interferes with the changes in amino acids

breaks bonds holding the structure in place so the active site changes

less enzyme-substrate complexes forme

Question 3

temperature

Answer 3

low temp- not enough kinetic energy for successful collisions between enzymes and substrate

high temp- enzymes denature and the active site changes shape, so the enzyme- substrate complex cant form (bonds are broken in the active site)

Question 4

enzyme inhibition

Answer 4

competitive- it’s the same shape as substrate so it binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding

adding more- substrate will flood compete the inhibitors, knocking them out of the active site

non-competitive- binds with enzyme away from active site and causes active site to change shape so the substrate can no longer bind

Question 5

substrate enzyme concentration

Answer 5

insufficient substrate- reaction slower so fewer collisions happen between the enzyme and the substrate

insufficient enzymes- active site becomes saturated with substrate so it’ll be unable to work faster

Question 6

activation energy

Answer 6

certain amount of energy needed before a reaction can start

Question 7

lock and key model

Answer 7

1. enzymes active site is fixed shape, having random collisions
2. enzyme-substrate complex: charged groups in active site distorts to substrate causing the activation energy to lower
3. products are released
4. active site is left empty

Question 8

induced fit model

Answer 8

1. the induced active site moulds around the substrate
2. strain on the bonds due to the enzyme moulding which lowers the activation energy
3. the products are removed
4. the active site returns to its original shape