DNA and RNA Flashcards
why does DNA have a stable structure?
the covalent bonds are strong
double helix has loads of hydrogen bonds providing collective strength
sugar phosphate backbone
tRNA
transfer
found in cytoplasm
single stranded
folds held together by hydrogen bonds
transfers amino acids
are amino acid specific
structure of RNA
phosphate group
ribose sugar
nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)
function of RNA
copy and transfer genetic code from nucleus to ribosomes
combines with proteins to create ribosomes
DNA vs RNA as a polymer
DNA
larger
double stranded
RNA
shorter
single stranded
DNA vs RNA as a monomer
DNA
thymine
deoxyribose sugar
RNA
uracil
ribose sugar
function of DNA
codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure
carries genetic information
structure of DNA
phosphate group
nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine)
phosphodiester bonds in DNA
strong covalent bonds: ensures genetic code isn’t broken down
sugar phosphate backbone
rRNA
ribosomes
bulks of ribosomes
combined with proteins
mRNA
messenger (copy of a gene from DNA)
shorter
single stranded
short lived (hydrolysed by enzymes out of cells)
codons
Dna
Large molecule - can carry info
Weak hydrogen bonds - double helix is easily unzipped
Double stranded - for dna replication
Complementary base pairs - identical copies can be made
