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biology topic 1 > biological molecules > Flashcards

biological molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

glycogen links to structure

A

branched - increases the surface area for rapid hydrolysis

insoluble - keeps water potential fixed

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2
Q

starch link to structure

A

helical - compact and fits lots of glucose in small spaces

branched - increases the surface area for rapid hydrolysis

insoluble - keeps water potential fixed, stops osmotic action

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3
Q

starch

A
  • alpha glucose (amylose and amylopectin)
  • found in starch grains in plant cells
  • insoluble store of glucose

amylose - condensation reaction, 1,4 glycosidic bonds, coils to make helix

amylopectin - condensation reaction, 1,6 glycosidic bonds, creates a branched straight chains

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4
Q

cellulose link to structure

A

lots of hydrogen bonds - very strong as a collective

insoluble - keeps water potential fixed, stops osmotic action

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5
Q

glycogen

A
  • alpha glucose
  • found in muscle and liver cells (animals)
  • insoluble store of glucose
  • 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
  • lots of 1,6 bonds
  • similar to amylopectin
  • very branched
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6
Q

polymers

A

made from lots of monomers bonded together

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7
Q

hydrolysis

A

splitting molecules apart by adding water

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8
Q

examples of monomers

A

glucose

amino acid

nucleotides

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9
Q

examples of polymers

A

starch

cellulose

glycogen

protein

DNA/RNA

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10
Q

names of disaccharides

A

maltose

sucrose

lactose

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11
Q

condensation reaction

A

joining of 2 molecules by removing water

happens between carbon 1,4

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12
Q

polysaccharides

A

starch

cellulose

glycogen

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13
Q

mono -saccharides

A

glucose

fructose

galactose

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14
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltose + water

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15
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose + water

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16
Q

glucose + fructose

A

sucrose + water

17
Q

disaccharides

A

made of 2 monosaccharides

joined together by glycosidic bonds

formed through condensation reaction

18
Q

cellulose

A

beta glucose

cell wall of plant

provides structural strength (stops from bursting)

1,4 glycosidic bonds

long straight chains

loads of hydrogen bonds

fibril structure

19
Q

monomer

A

small units which can create larger molecules

20
Q

alpha glucose

A

OH on bottom

21
Q

beta glucose

A

OH on top

biology topic 1 (8 decks)

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