Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

biological catalyst, usually proteins that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 2

Substrate

Answer 2

recognized by & binds to an enzyme
reacts with active site

Question 3

active site

Answer 3

pocket that binds enzyme to substrate

Question 4

Induced for hypothesis

Answer 4

enzymes changes its shaped to better accommodate a substrate

Question 5

Enzyme cycle

Answer 5

binds to substrate
converts substrate to one or more products
unchanged enzyme repeats process with another substrate molecule

Question 6

Cofactor

Answer 6

a non protein group that binds to an enzyme & is essential for catalytic activity

Question 7

coenzyme

Answer 7

organic molecules that acts as a cofactor of an enzyme

Question 8

Enzyme Activity Factors: Enzyme & substrate concentration

Answer 8

excess substrate: rate of reaction is proportional
enzyme at constant intermediate concentration: increasing substrate increases till the saturation point

Question 9

Enzyme Activity Factors: Inhibitors

Answer 9

lower the rate of reactions
competitive inhibitors: bind to active site & block substrates
noncompetitive inhibitors: bind somewhere other than active site & block enzyme activity (change shape)

Question 10

Enzyme Activity Factors: Allosteric control

Answer 10

allosteric site is a binding site and changes shape of enzymes
activators: stabilize enzyme causing active site to have a high affinity
inhibitors: stabilizes inactive form of the enzyme & changes shape

Question 11

Enzyme Activity Factors: Feedback Inhibition

Answer 11

regulation of pathway
prevents cellular resources from being wasted

Question 12

Enzyme Activity Factors: pH

Answer 12

optimal ph where enzymes work best
increase or decrease in pH decreases the rate

Question 13

Enzyme Activity Factors: Temperature

Answer 13

rising temperatures means rate increase
between 0 to 40 reaction rate doubles
above 40 denaturing occurs