Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Most are proteins and have a specific shape allowing them to bind to specific reactants. When an enzyme,e controlled reaction takes place the enzyme and substrate join to form enzyme- substrate complex. Enzyme is unaffected

Question 2

Lock and key

Answer 2

The folding of the enzyme forms a fixed groove or pocket-sized active sire. Highly specific for the particular substrate which must be compatible shape for binding to occur

Question 3

Induced fit

Answer 3

Enzyme shape isn’t fixed and the bonds that form between an enzyme and substrate modify shape so the substrate can be accommodated fo. Broad specificity

Question 4

Bonds in the substrate

Answer 4

In this situation, bonds in the substrate are stretched by molecular interaction between interaction with aa group that lines the active site. Stresses on the substrate and activation energy to kick start the reaction is lower

Question 5

Equilibrium

Answer 5

If high conc of reactants an enzyme-controlled reaction will synthesize reactants to products until equilibrium

Question 6

Temp

Answer 6

Enzymes have optimal temp ranges. As temp increases molecules are more active and collide more often meaning more substrate in enzymes. However, if it gets too high the energy will denature and loses functional shape so substrate can no longer bind

Question 7

PH

Answer 7

Has optimal pH, different between enzymes, and relates to the environment its in. Some enzymes change shape in response t changes in Ph and if it alters too much then active site changes and denatures (also sometimes substrate)

Question 8

Sub and enz conc

Answer 8

Increasing substrate results in more products, until all enzymes are working. When enzyme conc increases it produces more, until produces start to inhibit enzyme action of substrate conc is lacking.

Question 9

Inhibitors

Answer 9

Some enzymes have 2 or more active binding sites. These enzymes can move between active and inactive which inhibitor or activator molecule. The activity of enzyme regulated by feedback inhibition in which the product of reaction inhibits reactions (alloristic sites). So active site changes shape

Question 10

Why cofactors and enzymes

Answer 10

Some enzymes are inactive until bind with other molecules or ions that came to their conformation This alters the shape and change of active site so can capture and catalyze substrate reaction more efficiently

Question 11

Cofactors

Answer 11

Small inorganic substances

Question 12

Coenzymes

Answer 12

non-protein organic substances require of enzyme activity