enzymes Flashcards
what are enzymes
proteins that are present in all living cells
biological catalysts do what
speed up chemical reactions
catalyst
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or consumed (used up) by the reaction
example w starch
Salivary amylase-breaks starch down to glucose monomers
starch → glucose + glucose + glucose…
enzyme is or is not changed by reaction
NOT changed
substrate
the chemical substance being changed (the reactant)
active site
the specific place on the enzyme surface that binds to the substrate
lock and key
a simple model/exact fit
induced fit model
A more accurate model
Reflects that enzyme changes shape to bind substrate
Every enzyme binds to
only one specific substrate
A single enzyme can catalyze ____ chemical reactions per second!!
1000
The human body has thousands of
different enzymes
Environmental conditions that can affect an enzyme’s function include:
Temperature
pH
Salt concentration
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration
Presence of certain chemicals
Denaturation
A process in which the folded structure of a protein is altered due to exposure to certain chemical or physical factors which cause the protein to become biologically inactive
