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Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Phenylketonuria?

A

Congenital disability caused by the build up of phenylalanine (amino acid).

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2
Q

PKU test is taking…

A

blood from heel or bending arm ( on babies )

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3
Q

How do you treat PKU?

A

Strict diet with reduced proteins.

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4
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

a substance that increases a the rate of a reaction

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5
Q

Enzyme examples are …

A

Protein and Catalysis

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6
Q

A enzyme substrate must fit like a …

A

charging cable to a phone

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7
Q

Enzymes cannot be…

A

destroyed but are reused

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8
Q

Proteins are made up of …

A

amino acids

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9
Q

Amino Acids are joined by what to make proteins?

A

peptide bonds

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10
Q

Several peptide bonds =

A

polypeptide

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11
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks for …

A

Enzymes

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12
Q

Amino acids are a simple …

A

molecular structure

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13
Q

Peptide bonds are formed between two molecules when …

A

carboxyl group (COOH) reacts with the amine group
(NH2)

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14
Q

The only difference between amino groups is …

A

the R group

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15
Q

What is a monomer ?

A

one amino acid

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16
Q

Amino acids bind by a …

A

condensation reaction

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17
Q

A condensation reaction is the …

A

chemical reaction that joins two
molecules together by removing water.

18
Q

Protein shape determines …

A

the function

19
Q

What are the four level of protein structure?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

20
Q

Primary structure is specific …

A

sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

21
Q

Most common type of Secondary structure is alpha …

A

helices and beta-
pleated sheets.

22
Q

A Tertiary Structure is a three dimensional shape with …

A

a single polypeptide chain backbone and more protein secondary structures

23
Q

Quaternary Structure consist of several protein chains that are …

A

closely packed

24
Q

Each subunit of Quaternary structure consist of …

A

primary, secondary, and tertiary structure held together by hydrogen bonds

25
Q

Enzymes break down a sugar called …

A

sucrose

26
Q

Each Enzyme does how many jobs?

A

1

27
Q

Most common digestive Enzymes are …

A

Carbohydrase, Lipase, and Protease.

28
Q

Carbohydrase breaks down …

A

carbohydrates into sugars

29
Q

Lipase breaks down …

A

fats into fatty acids

30
Q

Protease breaks down …

A

protein into amino acids

31
Q

A lot of Enzymes end with …

A

-ase

32
Q

Enzymes require a specific …

A

pH, temperature, and concentration

33
Q

Pepsin is an Enzyme that break down ..

A

proteins in the stomach and functions best at pH 2.

34
Q

Trypsin helps digest …

A

proteins in the small intestine and functions best at pH 8.

35
Q

Denaturation is when …

A

protein loses its natural design and stops
working because the substrate is unable to bind the active site.

36
Q

Amylase is in the saliva and helps …

A

change starches into sugars

37
Q

Maltase is also in saliva and breaks …

A

the sugar, maltose, into glucose

38
Q

Trypsin break proteins down into …

A

amino acids in the small intestines

39
Q

Impotrant properties of Enzymes are …

A

Catalytic properties, specificity, reversibility, and sensitiveness to heat . temp, and pH.

40
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir interfere with

A

the release of progeny influenza virus from infected host cells

41
Q

Competitive Inhibition is when …

A

similar shape act as typical enzymes

Biology (6 decks)

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