Enzymes Flashcards
What is Phenylketonuria?
Congenital disability caused by the build up of phenylalanine (amino acid).
PKU test is taking…
blood from heel or bending arm ( on babies )
How do you treat PKU?
Strict diet with reduced proteins.
What is an Enzyme?
a substance that increases a the rate of a reaction
Enzyme examples are …
Protein and Catalysis
A enzyme substrate must fit like a …
charging cable to a phone
Enzymes cannot be…
destroyed but are reused
Proteins are made up of …
amino acids
Amino Acids are joined by what to make proteins?
peptide bonds
Several peptide bonds =
polypeptide
Amino acids are the building blocks for …
Enzymes
Amino acids are a simple …
molecular structure
Peptide bonds are formed between two molecules when …
carboxyl group (COOH) reacts with the amine group
(NH2)
The only difference between amino groups is …
the R group
What is a monomer ?
one amino acid
Amino acids bind by a …
condensation reaction
A condensation reaction is the …
chemical reaction that joins two
molecules together by removing water.
Protein shape determines …
the function
What are the four level of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
Primary structure is specific …
sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
Most common type of Secondary structure is alpha …
helices and beta-
pleated sheets.
A Tertiary Structure is a three dimensional shape with …
a single polypeptide chain backbone and more protein secondary structures
Quaternary Structure consist of several protein chains that are …
closely packed
Each subunit of Quaternary structure consist of …
primary, secondary, and tertiary structure held together by hydrogen bonds
Enzymes break down a sugar called …
sucrose
Each Enzyme does how many jobs?
1
Most common digestive Enzymes are …
Carbohydrase, Lipase, and Protease.
Carbohydrase breaks down …
carbohydrates into sugars
Lipase breaks down …
fats into fatty acids
Protease breaks down …
protein into amino acids
A lot of Enzymes end with …
-ase
Enzymes require a specific …
pH, temperature, and concentration
Pepsin is an Enzyme that break down ..
proteins in the stomach and functions best at pH 2.
Trypsin helps digest …
proteins in the small intestine and functions best at pH 8.
Denaturation is when …
protein loses its natural design and stops
working because the substrate is unable to bind the active site.
Amylase is in the saliva and helps …
change starches into sugars
Maltase is also in saliva and breaks …
the sugar, maltose, into glucose
Trypsin break proteins down into …
amino acids in the small intestines
Impotrant properties of Enzymes are …
Catalytic properties, specificity, reversibility, and sensitiveness to heat . temp, and pH.
Neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir interfere with
the release of progeny influenza virus from infected host cells
Competitive Inhibition is when …
similar shape act as typical enzymes
