Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Biology Flashcards
An Element is a substance that …
cannot be broken down into any other substance.
What is an atom ?
Matter that cannot be subdivided any further without loosing its essential property.
What is the center of an atom and what does it contain ?
A central nucleus and contains protons, neutrons. Surrounded by electrons.
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons ?
Sub atomic particles.
What is the Atomic number ?
The number of Protons.
What are Isotopes ?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
How do you find the atomic mass ?
Protons + Neutrons.
What are Radioactive Atoms ?
Atomic nuclei that are not stable and break down spontaneously.
What are the “Big Four” Elements in our body ?
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen.
What do the Electrons do ?
determine whether, and HOW, the atom will bond with other atoms.
How man electrons can the 1st shell contain ?
2
How many electrons can the 2nd shell contain ?
8
What do Electrons do ?
Electrons determine whether, and HOW, the atom will bond with other atoms.
When the electron shell is filled to capacity, then the shell is …
Stable.
Carbon can share up to _ different atoms
4
Carbon is very versatile and mostly shares with _, _, _, and _ .
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and other carbon.
Ions are …
Charged atoms.
If an ion loses one or more atoms it is _ charged.
Positively
If an ion adds electrons it is _ charged.
Negatively
The chemical characteristics of an atom depend on what ?
The number of electrons in OUTER most shell.
Molecules are …
groups of atoms held together by bonds.
Bond Energy is dependent …
Upon the atoms involved.
Chemical reactions involve doing what to bonds?
The forming and breaking
How are molecules illistarted ?
Lewis model, Ball and Stick model, and Space filling model.
Covalent bonds are two atoms sharing _ .
electrons.
What are the two types of Covalent Bonds ?
Single and Double.
Ionic Bonds are attractions that …
hold together two oppositely charged ions.
Are Ionic Bonds Neutral ?
Yes
Hydrogen Bonds , bond …
molecules together.
Hydrogen Bonds form between a slightly _ _ atom and a slightly _ atom in the other.
Positively Hydrogen ; Negative
Are Hydrogen Bonds weaker or stronger than Covalent and Ionic Bonds ?
Weaker.
Hydrogen Bonds make water …
Cohesive.
The pH of a fluid is a measure of …
How acidic or basic the solution is.
Pure water has equal _ and _.
H+; O+
The amount of H+ in a solution is called…
pH
Acids have a pH _ than 7.0.
Lower.
Bases have a pH _ than 7.0.
Higher.
Bases have a bitter taste and a _ /_ feel.
Slippery/Soapy.
The lower the pH, the higher the_ .
Acidity.
Buffers do what to the pH ?
Resist change by absorbing or releasing H+.
