Chapter 3 - Molecules of Life: Part 1 Flashcards
Our food is made up of …
Organic molecules.
Macromolecules are …
Polymers of large organic molecules made up of smaller building blocks.
What are the Four Types of macromolecules essential to living organisms ?
-Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates are primary _ for cells.
Fuel.
Carbohydrates consist of …
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Carbohydrates are COMPOSED of … M
Monosacchrides.
Monosaccharides are _ sugars.
Simple.
Mono means …
One.
C-H bonds store _ amounts of energy.
Large.
Glucose provides what to the cells ?
Energy.
Blood sugar is _cose, _tose, and _ctose.
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.
Fructose provides _ for temporary storage.
Glycogen.
Galactose provides _for long term energy storage.
Fat.
Disaccharides are formed by…
the union of two sugars.
Polysaccharides are formed by …
the union of multiple sugars.
Are all Carbohydrates digestible by humans?
No.
Carbohydrates serve as structural materials for …
animals and plants.
Are the shell of a lobster ( the chitin) digestible ?
No.
Cellulose is digestible.
FALSE.
Dietary fibers are not digestible carbohydrates and help clear the …
digestive tract
Lipids store …
Energy for a rainy day.
Lipids have more C-H bonds than …
Carbohydrates.
Lipids are _ in water because they are non-polar.
Soluble.
Lipids are _ to the touch.
Greasy.
Dietary fats differ in _ of saturation.
degrees.
Glycerol is the hydrophilic “_” region.
Head.
Fatty acids is the hydrophobic “_” region.
Tails.
In Saturated fats each carbon is _ chained to two hydrogen atoms.
Single
In Unsaturated fats each carbon _ bond links to carbon atoms.
Double.
Trans fat is …
fatty acids.
_ and _ are used to build sex hormones and membranes.
Cholesterol and Phospholipids.
An important component of cell membranes in animals are …
Cholestrol.
_ ( containing cholesterol ) can cause hardening of arteries.
Plaque.
The MAIN component of a cell membrane is … P
Phospholipids.
Regulating sexual development, maturation, and sex cell production is done by what hormone?
Steroid.
Estrogen influences…
Memory and Mood.
What stimulates muscle growth ?
Testosterone.
Waxes are strongly hydro……
Hydrophobic. They repel water.
Waxes coat surface of …
insects, plants, and feathers.
Waxes have one long …
fatty acid chain.
