Enzymes Flashcards
Why are enzymes biological catalysts?
They are found in living organisms and increase the rate of reaction.
Substrate molecule
The molecule the enzyme attaches to.
What type of protein are the vast majority of enzymes?
Globular proteins
How do enzymes bond to the substrate molecule?
Via the complementary active side, where amino acids on the surface form temporary bonds.
Activation energy
Energy required for a reaction to occur.
What do enzymes do to the activation energy barrier?
Reduce it
Is the lock and key or induced fit model correct?
Induced fit model.
Lock and key model
The tertiary structure of the enzyme does not change.
Induced fit model
The tertiary structure of the enzyme changes so the active site moulds itself around the substrate.
Optimum temperature for human enzymes
40’C
How do enzymes denature?
Tertiary structure changes / temporary bonds break, meaning the enzyme is no longer complementary.
pH
Concentration of hydrogen ions.
How to find pH on calculator
pH = -log (H+)
Effect of temperature on rate of reaction.
Increases due to increased kinetic energy, more successful collisions.
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind?
Active site of an enzyme.
