Enzymes Flashcards
organic or biological catalyst.
Catalyst are substances that speed
up a reaction without being used
up, destroyed, or incorporated into
the end product. They are vital to the regulation of
the metabolic processes of the cell.
Enzymes
The main digestive enzyme in the stomach is
________, which works best at a pH of about 1.5 to 2.
pepsin
______ is another enzyme in the digestive system, which breaks
protein chains in food into smaller parts. It works in the
small intestine, which is not an acidic environment. It’s
optimum pH is about 8.
Trypsin
catalyze the transfer of reducing
equivalents from one redox system to
another
oxidoreductases
catalyze the transfer of other groups from
one molecule to another. Oxidoreductases
and transferases generally require
coenzyme
transferases
are also involved in group transfer, but the
acceptor is always a water molecule
hydrolases
often also referred to as “synthases”;
catalyze reactions involving either the
cleavage or formation of chemical bonds,
with double bonds either arising or
disappearing.
lyases
move groups within a molecule, without
changing the gross composition of the
substrate
isomerases
are energy-dependent and are therefore
always coupled to the hydrolysis of
nucleoside triphosphates.
ligases
enzymes that digest milk
lactase
The part of the enzyme to which
the reactant binds
active site
A ______ binds to the active
site of an enzyme and is converted
into products. Once the products
leave the active site, the enzyme is
ready to attach to a new substrate
and repeat the process.
substrate
enzymes help the body break down larger
complex molecules into smaller molecules, such as glucose, so that the
body can use them as fuel.
digestive system
each cell in your body contains DNA. Each time a
cell divides, that DNA needs to be copied. Enzymes help in this process by unwinding the DNA coils and copying the information.
DNA replication
the liver breaks down toxins in the body. To do this, it
uses a range of enzymes.
Liver enzymes
