enzymes

Question 1

What is an enzyme?

Answer 1

A biological catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

How does temperature affect enzyme function?

Answer 2

• Low temperature means less kinetic energy so less successful collisions between substrate and enzyme
• High temperatures disrupt the shape of the active site, so enzyme is denatured

Question 3

What is the substrate?

Answer 3

The molecule or molecules taking part in the chemical reaction - fits into the active site

Question 4

What is the active site?

Answer 4

The part of an enzyme which a specific substrate can attach onto. Where the reaction occurs

Question 5

How does pH affect enzyme function?

Answer 5

Changing the pH changed the charges on the amino acid molecules which make up the enzyme. This will cause the active site to change shape and the enzyme to denature.

Question 6

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in human body?

Answer 6

37° (body temp)

Question 7

What is the optimum pH for enzymes in human body?

Answer 7

• Acidic in stomach (1.5-2 : pepsin)
• Salivary amylase : 6.8
• Pancreatic protease : 7.5-8 (trypsin)

Question 8

(1) What enzymes breaks down carbohydrates? (2) Into what products?

Answer 8

1) Carbohydrases

2) Simple sugars

Question 9

(1) What enzyme breaks down Starch? (2) Into what product?

Answer 9

1) Amylase

2) Glucose

Question 10

(1) What enzyme breaks down proteins? (2) Into what product?

Answer 10

1) Protease

2) Amino acids

Question 11

(1) What enzyme breaks down lipids? (2) Into what products?

Answer 11

1) Lipase

2) Fatty acids + glycerol

Question 12

Where is bile produced?

Answer 12

The liver

Question 13

What does bile do?

Answer 13

• Emulsifies lipids (breaking them up into tiny droplets
• Alkaline so neutralises stomach acid to produce optimum pH for pancreatic enzymes
• Stored and concentrated in gall bladder