diabetes, kidney disease and glucose reg Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes?
Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Injecting insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
Cells stop responding to insulin
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
- Diet with controlled carbohydrates
- Exercise
What is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
What is dialysis?
Medical treatment in which blood is removed from the body and filtered before being returned.
Why might someone get dialysis treatment?
If they have high levels of urea or wrong levels of water, ions, or glucose
How does dialysis work?
- Patients blood passes into dialysis machine
- Dialysis fluid contains no urea, correct amount of glucose, ions and water
- Blood passes over partially permeable membrane
- Urea, water, ions, glucose diffuse across from blood to dialysis fluid
- Back into bloodstream with correct levels
What does dialysis fluid contain
- No urea
- Correct amount of Water
- Correct amount of glucose
- Correct amount of ions
What are the advantages of Dialysis?
- No shortage of dialysis machines unlike kidneys
- Keeps a patient alive until transplant
What are the disadvantages of Dialysis?
- Expensive
- Several hours every week
- Strict diet
- Work for limited time
What are the disadvantages of kidney transplant?
- Shortage: requires a donor
- May be rejected
- Must take anti rejection drugs
What are the advantages of kidney transplant?
- Permanent treatment
- Can live a normal lifestyle
- One time surgery
What does the body do when blood glucose levels are too high?
- Pancreas secretes insulin into the blood stream
- Which tells body cells to take up glucose
- Liver and muscle cells convert glucose to glycogen for storage
What does the body do when blood glucose levels are too low?
- Pancreas secretes glucagon into the bloodstream
- Tells liver and muscle cells to convert glycogen back into glucose
- Glucose released back into bloodstream
