Enzyme Regulation Flashcards
Maintenance of appropriate concentration of substance in the internal environment
Homeostasis
Regulation of proteins by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the proteins active site
Allosteric regulation
Positive allosteric effector
Increases catalytic activity or activator
Negative allosteric effector
Decrease catalytic activity or inhibitor
Effector is different from substrate
Heterotopic effector
Substrate is the effector
Homotropic effector
Hormone molecules or nerve impulse
Primary or first messnger
Second messenger
3, 5 cAMP and Ca
It weakens the bond between substrate and substrate binding
K series
Alters the orientation or charge of catalytic residues
V series
Alteration of vmax and km is due to
Conformational change
It is stimulated by g proteins and homrmones
Allosteric 2nd messenger
Conversion of products taking place in subcellular compartments
Compartmentation
Organelle for protein and polysaccharide degradation
Lysosomes
Organelle for fatty acid synthesis
Cytosol
Organelle for fatty acid oxidation
Mitochondria
Ability of enzymes to discriminate between the structurally similar coenzymes NAD and NADP
Compartmentation
Mechanism for regulation of enzymes activity
Feedback inhibition
End product of a reaction interferes with the enzyme that helped produce it
Feedback inhibition
Covalent attachment of another molecule to modify activity of enzyme and protein
Covalent modification
Prevents enzymes from breaking down molecules of energy source
Feedback inhibition
It is utilized as a mechanism for regulatory control
Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
Permits alteration of functional properties of enzymes
Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
Reverse the effect of kinase by catalyzing the hydrolytic removal of phosphoryl groups attached to proteins
Protein phosphatase
Phosphorylate proteins by catalizing transfer of the terminal phosphoryl group of ATP to hydroxyl group
Protein kinase
The hereditary transmission of information by means other than the sequence of nucleotides that comprise the genome
Epigenetics
