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Biochemistry: Module 2 > Bioenergetics:the Role of ATP > Flashcards

Bioenergetics:the Role of ATP Flashcards

1
Q

Study of energy changes accompanying biochemical reaction

A

Bioenergetics or biochemical thermodynamics

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2
Q

Occurs when available energy reserves are depleted

A

Starvation

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3
Q

Energy imbalance

A

Marasmus

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4
Q

Control the rate of energy release

A

Thyroid hormone

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5
Q

Cause of excess storage of surplus enery

A

Obesity

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6
Q

Obesity predisposes to what diseases

A

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and lower life expectancy

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7
Q

Portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work

A

Gibbs change in free energy

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8
Q

The total energy of system, including its surroundings, remain constant

A

First law of thermodynamics

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9
Q

It states that energy is neither lost nor gained but may be transferred

A

First law of thermodynamics

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10
Q

The total entropy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously

A

Second law of thermodynamics

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11
Q

As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a constant minimum

A

Third law of thermodynamics

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12
Q

If two thermodynamic systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other

A

Zeroth law

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13
Q

They utilize simple exergonic process

A

Autotrophs

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14
Q

They obtain free energy by coupling their metabolism to the breakdown of complex organic molecules

A

Heterotrophs

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15
Q

Breakdown of oxidation of fuel molecules

A

Catabolism

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16
Q

Build up substance

A

Anabolism

17
Q

Combination of anabolism and catabolism

A

Metabolism

18
Q

Measure of extent of disorderliness

A

Entropy

19
Q

Measure of changes in heat content of reactant and products

A

Enthalpy

20
Q

Characterized by loss of energy, spontaneous and favorable

A

Exergonic reaction

21
Q

Characterized as gain of energy, non spontaneous, and unfavorable

A

Endergonic reaction

22
Q

It is the energy currency of the cell

A

Adenosine triphosphate or ATP

23
Q

Where is ATP produced?

A

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

24
Q

How is ATP produced?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation

25
Q

What are the composition of ATP?

A

Adenine
Ribose
3 phosphate groups

26
Q

Storage forms of high energy phosphate

A

Phosphagen

27
Q

A high energy phosphate found in vertebrate skeletal muscle, heart, spermatozoa and brain

A

Creatine phosphate

28
Q

A high energy phosphate found in invertebrate muscle

A

Arginine phosphate

29
Q

The greatest quantitative source of free energy in aerobic organism

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

30
Q

A net formation of 2 free energy results from the formation of lactate from one molecule of glucose generated into two reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase

A

Glycolysis

31
Q

1 free energy is generated directly in the cycle at the succinate thiokinase step

A

The citric acid cycle

32
Q

Over all net change

A

Exergonic reaction

33
Q

A reaction that cannot exist independently

A

Endergonic process

34
Q

Reaction proceed spontaneously with loss of energy

A

G is negative

35
Q

Proceed only if free energy can be gained

A

G is positive

36
Q

The greatest quantitative source if P in aerobic organism

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

37
Q

A net formation of 2 P results in the formation of lactate deom one molecule of glucose generated in two reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase

A

Glycolysis

38
Q

One P is generated directly in the cycle of succinate thiokinase step

A

Citric acid cycle

39
Q

Acts as storage forms of high energy phosphate

A

Phosphagen

Biochemistry: Module 2 (5 decks)

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