Bioenergetics:the Role of ATP Flashcards
Study of energy changes accompanying biochemical reaction
Bioenergetics or biochemical thermodynamics
Occurs when available energy reserves are depleted
Starvation
Energy imbalance
Marasmus
Control the rate of energy release
Thyroid hormone
Cause of excess storage of surplus enery
Obesity
Obesity predisposes to what diseases
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and lower life expectancy
Portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work
Gibbs change in free energy
The total energy of system, including its surroundings, remain constant
First law of thermodynamics
It states that energy is neither lost nor gained but may be transferred
First law of thermodynamics
The total entropy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously
Second law of thermodynamics
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a constant minimum
Third law of thermodynamics
If two thermodynamic systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other
Zeroth law
They utilize simple exergonic process
Autotrophs
They obtain free energy by coupling their metabolism to the breakdown of complex organic molecules
Heterotrophs
Breakdown of oxidation of fuel molecules
Catabolism
Build up substance
Anabolism
Combination of anabolism and catabolism
Metabolism
Measure of extent of disorderliness
Entropy
Measure of changes in heat content of reactant and products
Enthalpy
Characterized by loss of energy, spontaneous and favorable
Exergonic reaction
Characterized as gain of energy, non spontaneous, and unfavorable
Endergonic reaction
It is the energy currency of the cell
Adenosine triphosphate or ATP
Where is ATP produced?
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
How is ATP produced?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
What are the composition of ATP?
Adenine
Ribose
3 phosphate groups
Storage forms of high energy phosphate
Phosphagen
A high energy phosphate found in vertebrate skeletal muscle, heart, spermatozoa and brain
Creatine phosphate
A high energy phosphate found in invertebrate muscle
Arginine phosphate
The greatest quantitative source of free energy in aerobic organism
Oxidative phosphorylation
A net formation of 2 free energy results from the formation of lactate from one molecule of glucose generated into two reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
Glycolysis
1 free energy is generated directly in the cycle at the succinate thiokinase step
The citric acid cycle
Over all net change
Exergonic reaction
A reaction that cannot exist independently
Endergonic process
Reaction proceed spontaneously with loss of energy
G is negative
Proceed only if free energy can be gained
G is positive
The greatest quantitative source if P in aerobic organism
Oxidative phosphorylation
A net formation of 2 P results in the formation of lactate deom one molecule of glucose generated in two reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
Glycolysis
One P is generated directly in the cycle of succinate thiokinase step
Citric acid cycle
Acts as storage forms of high energy phosphate
Phosphagen
